LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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MAN UAL 



5 ^ ANDTAC ^ 



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I. O. O. P., 



Including the Formation of Figures Representing the 



THREE LINKS, CHAIN, HOUR GLASS, 



AND OTHER EMBLEMS OF THE ORDER. 



& 



ORIGINATED AND COMPILED 

BY 

LT.-COL. S. S. EDDY, 



CHIEF CAPTAIN OF THE 



Eoctester Encampment Uniformed Patriarchs. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. : 

DEMOCRAT & CHRONICLE BOOK AND JOB PRINT. 

lS 7 F. 

IT 



H 5 I o T 5 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by S. S. Eddy, in the Office 
of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



INDEX TO CONTENTS. 



School of the Patriarch: 

Page. 
Preface, -----..g 

Remarks, -- - - - - - n 

Definitions of military forms, - - - -12 

Commands, ----__ x ^ 

Position of the Patriarch at attention, - - 15 

Eyes right and left, - 16 
Salutes. - - - - - -16 

Facings to the right and left, - I7 

To face to the rear, - - - - - 18 

Parade rest, - - - - - j% 

To resume the position of the Patriarch, - - - 19 

To rest the squad, - Ig 

To resume the position of attention, - - iq 

To dismiss the squad, - I9 
Alignments -- - - - - -20 

Principles of the direct step, - 22 

Balance step, ----- . 22 . 

To march in the direct step, - - - - 23, 

To arrest the march, ----- 24 

Short step, - - . - - - 2 a 

To mark time, ------ 2 r 

"To resume the direct step, - 25 

To change step, ------ 25 

Side step, ------- 2 5 

To march backward, - - - - - 26 

Principles of the double step, - 27 

To march in retreat, - - - - - 29 

Remark-, - - - - - - - 2g 

To march in line, ------ o 

Remarks, ------- ^o 

To march by the flank, ----- 01 

To change direction, ----- - 2 

To oblique, ------- ^2 

To resume the original direction, - - * * 33 

Wheelings, - - - - 04 

Wheeling on a fixed pivot, - 34 

To halt the squad, - - - - - 35 



IV INDEX. 

To change direction from a halt, - - 36 

To wheel the sqnad and move forward, - - -36 

To execute an about wheel, - 37 

Wheeling on a movable pivot, - - - * 37 
Turning or changing direction to the side of the guide, 39 

Manual of the Sword : 

Remarks, ------- 41 

Position of carry swords, .... ^ 

Draw swords, ------ 44 

Present swords, - - - - - 45 

Order swords, - - - - 46 

Parade rest, ---•-.-- 47 
Salute swords, ------ 49 

Swords port, - - - - - 50 

Rest on swords, - - - - - 51 

Support swords, ------ 52 

Reverse swords, - - - - - "53 

Prepare to guard, - 55 
Advance swords, ------ 56 

Form arch, ----- 57 

Reverse arch, ------ 57 

Return swords, ------ 59 

Secure swords, - - - - - - 61 

Replace swords, ----- 61 

Charge swords, »--.-- - 62 

School of the Encampment: 

Remarks, ------ 63 

Designation of officers by number, - - -66 

Position of officers in line, - to 

To form line, - - - - - • - 69 

To open ranks, - • - - - 71 

To close ranks, 72 

To March in line, - 72 

To halt the Encampment and align it, - - - 73 

To march by the flank, ----- 74 

To change direction in column of fours, - - 75 
To put the column of fours in march and change di- 
rection at the same time, - - - "75 
To form line from column of fours, - 76 
To form line and continue the march, - - - 76 
To form column of fours and halt, - 77 
To march in column of fours to the front, - 77 
To march to the rear, - - - - 77 

To wheel in circle, - 79 

To oblique in column of fours, - - 79 

To resume the direct march, - - - -So 

To form line on the right from column of fours - 80 

To form line to the front- from column of fours, - 81 

To march in retreat. ----- 81 

Route step, ------- 82 

To resume the cadenced step, - - - - 82 



INDEX. 



To countermarch in column of fours, - - 83 
To face to the rear, and march by the flank left in 

front, ..-"---- 83 

To march right in front, - - - - - 84 

To form line and continue the march, - - 84 
Marching in column of fours, left in front, faced to the 

rear, to march in line to the front, - - 84 

To form column of twos from column of fours, - 85 

To form one rank from column of twos, or fours, - 85 

To form fours from column of files, ... 86 

To form column of twos from column of files, - - 87 

To form line on the right from column of files - 87 

To form sections from column of fours, - - - 88 

To form fours from sections, - 88 

To form sections front into line, - - - 89 

To form column of fours from sections, - - 90 

To change direction in column of sections, - 90 

To wheel in circle in column of sections, 91 
To reverse the position of sections, - - -92 
To wheel in circle to the right and left in column of 

sections, - - - - - - 93 

To wheel the right and left of sections in circle alter- 
nately, ------- 93 

To march to the rear, - - - - 94 

To form column of files from sections, - . - 94 

To form sections from column of files, 95 

To change front to rear, - 95 

To re-form sections right jn front, - - - 97 
To re-form sections left in front, - - - "97 
Marching in column of sections left in front, to form 

column of files right in front, - 98 

Being in column of sections right in front, to form line, 98 

Being in column of sections left in front, to form line, 99 
Marching in column of sections right in front, to form 

line on the right, - - - - ~ 99 
Marching in column of sections left in front, to form 

line on the left, - 99 
Marching in column of sections right in front, to form 

line and continue the march, - 100 

To form column of sections to the right from line, 100 

To put the column in march, - 100 
To form column of sections and continue the march 

from line, ------ IOI 

To form column of sections to the rear from line, - 101 

To form column of sections right in front, - - ioi 

To form column of sections to the front from line, - 101 

To march the column of sections right in front, - 102 
To break into column of sections from the right, to 

march to the left, ----- 102 

To oblique in column of sections - 103 

To change direction to the side of the guide, - 104 
Remarks, - - - - - - -104 



VI INDEX. 



To form column of platoons to the right, - - 105 

To form column of platoons to the left, - - - io 6 

To form column of platoons and move forward without 

halting, ______ 10 5 

To halt the column of platoons, - 107 

To put the column of platoons in march from a halt, 107 

To form platoons to the front into line, - 107 

To change direction in column of platoons, - - 108 

To break by the right of platoons into column, - 109 

To form column of fours from column of platoons, - no 

To break into column of platoons from the right to 

march to the left, ----- Iir 

To wheel in circle by fours from column of platoons, in 

To march forward, - - - - - in 

To march to the rear in column of platoons, - - 112 

To oblique in column of platoons, - - 112 

To form line from column of platoons right in front, - 112 
To form column of platoons into line and continue the 

march, --__-. 113 

To form column of files from column of platoons, - 114 

To form column of platoons from column of files, 114 

To form line to the front from column of platoons, - 115 
To break by the right of platoons to the rear into 

column, ------- n6 

To break by the left of platoons to the rear into column, 117 
To advance by the right of platoons, - - - 118 
Advancing by the right of platoons to form line, - 119 
To form line on the right from column of platoons, - 119 
Remarks, .--_--.. I20 
To form column of divisions to the right, . - - 121 
To form column of divisions to the right and move for- 
ward without halting, ----- 721 

To halt the column of divisions, - 122 

To put the column of divisions in march, - - 122 

To form divisions to the front, - 122 

To change direction in column of divisions, - - 122 

To form column of fours from column of divisions, - 123 
To break into column of divisions from the right to 

march to the left, - 123 

To form line from column of divisions right in front, 123 
To form column of divisions into line and continue the 

march, -_.--- I2 4 
To form column of files from column of divisions, - 124 
To form divisions from column of files, - - 125 
To break by the right of divisions to the rear into col- 
umn, ------- 125 

To advance by the right of divisions, - 125 

Advancing by the right of divisions to form line, 125 

To form line on the right from column of divisions, 126 

To break into divisions, - 126 

To re-form line, _■--.-- 127 

To change direction, marching in line, - 128 



INDEX. VII 

To march to the right or left in column of files from line. 128 
To form line from column of files and continue the 

march, ------- 12 g 

To break fours to the rear, - 129 

To advance by the right of the Encampment, - - 129 

Marching by the right flank, to re-form line, - 130 

To advance by the left of Encampment, - - 130 

Combination Movement: 

To advance from center by sections at half distance, - 130 

To form double column of files, . - - 131- 

To march to the right and' left by divisions, - - 132 

To march the divisions toward each other, - - 133 

To form line to the front from column of sections from 

center at half distance, - 133 

To wheel by fouis into divisions and march to the right 

and left, - - - - - 135 

To form the column of sections from center, at half dis- 
tance, to the right into line, - 136 
To form square, ------ 137 

To re-form sections from square, - - - - 138 

To form square from column of platoons, - - 238 

To reduce square to column of platoons, - - 138 

To form cross, - - - - - 138 

To form column of sections from cross, - - - 140 

To form patriarchal cross, - - - 141 

To form column of fours from patriarchal cross, - 143 

To form patriarchal cross from column of sections, - 143 

To form column of sections from patriarchal cross, - 144 

To form cross from column of platoons, - - 146 

To form patriarchal cross from column of platoons, - 146 

To wheel the cross in circle, - - - - 146 

To halt the wheel, and face the cross to the front, - 147 

To open order in column of fours, - 147 

To form chain, --_-__ 248 

' To close order from column of fours at open order, - 148 

To form three links, ----- I4 g 

To form two ranks from three links, - 153 

To form hour glass, - 154 

To reduce hour glass, ----- 157 

To form cul-de-sac, - - - - - 158 

To form column of sections (or platoons) from cul-de- 
sac, ------- x 6 

Ceremonial Parades: 

Dress parade of an Encampment, - - - - 164 

Dress parade of two or more Encampments, - - 170 

Review of two or more Encampments, - - - xjo 

Reception and escort, - - - - - 174 

Funeral escort and burial service, - 176 

Uniform, - ----- z $g 

Insignia of rank, ------ 289 

Battalion officers, - - - - 191 



ERRATA. 



Page 66. First Guardian — number should be 
" 12 " instead of "22." 

Page 83. The words " {or center) " should be left 
out in the command : 

I. Right about; 2. Fours right; 3. March ; 
4. Guide right. 

Page 92. Last line on the page should read — 
"the standard guard oblique to the right so as to 
cover the right four, at the first command, and at the 
third command they wheel in circle to the right," 
instead of "the standard guard marking time as 
before." 

Page 102. The command "1. Sections right about; 1 ' 
should read, "1. Sections right about wheel;". 

■Page 138. Should read "1. Form cross/' instead 
of "1. Four cross;" . 

Page 140. u Forward," at the top of the page, 
should be in italics. 

Page 149. " Right twos" should be "Right by 
twos." 



PREFACE. 



With the introduction of the Uniformed Patriarchs 
as a branch of the Encampment Degrees of the In- 
dependent Order of Odd Fellows, the question as 
to the proper method of Instruction, Rules, and 
Regulations of this branch, has become of the 
utmost importance. And in view of the many uni- 
formed Encampments, and even Battalions already 
formed, and constantly being formed, which are 
drilling without any prescribed system of tactics, — 
in fact, each Encampment having a style peculiar to 
itself, it becomes imperative that some system of 
tactics be adopted by the Grand Lodge, U. S., to 
secure uniformity and harmony in this particular 
branch of our Order. 

At the last meeting of the Grand Lodge, U. S., 
the subject of tactics for the Uniformed Patriarchs, 
was brought up and discussed, and a committee 
appointed, consisting of Reps. R. H. Hotchkiss, of 
Plymouth, Wis., Aaron B. Crane, of Newark, N. J.,, 
and L. I. Munson, of Waterbury, Conn., to report 
a system for adoption at the next annual meeting. 
With the intention of presenting this book of tactics 
for adoption, and desiring that the work may be 



used as a Manual throughout the United States, no 
pains have been spared to make it complete. 

The author has not sought to confine it to the 
limits of his own experience, but has endeavored to 
make good use of that of others, also. Desiring to 
submit nothing but what has been thoroughly tested, 
he has combined practice with theory, — more espe- 
cially in his own representations of the emblems of 
our Order. The basis of the drill is strictly military, 
and conforms in the main to the Manual of Upton's 
Revised Tactics, with a front of four men as a unit, 
thereby making it strictly separate and distinct trorn 
the drill as used by the Knights Templar. 

In assuming a military character, it is essential to 
success that both Officers and Patriarchs conform to 
strict military discipline on drills and parades, and 
that attention and prompt obedience to orders be 
enforced ; otherwise it will be impossible to acquire 
any degree of proficiency in the execution of the 
various evolutions. Too much caution cannot be 
exercised in the selection of officers, as good officers 
make a good company. 



SCHOOL OF THE PATRIARCH. 



REMARKS. 

The purpose of this school is for the 
instruction of new members preparatory 
to their advancement into the school of the 
Encampment, and the efficiency of the Pa- 
triarchs in military manoeuvres, will depend 
very materially upon their instruction in 
the elementary principles of military move- 
ments. It is, therefore, essential that each 
Patriarch be thoroughly instructed in the 
school of the Patriarch before he is per- 
mitted to enter the school of the Encamp- 
ment. To effect this, the instructor should 
be careful that his explanations are well 
understood, and should execute each move- 
ment himself before the Patriarch is re- 
quired to do so. 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 



DEFINITIONS OF MILITARY TERMS - 

AS USED IN THESE TACTICS. 






Men are said to be in "Line" when they 
are formed in one or more ranks, elbow to 
elbow. 

A "Rank" consists of a number of men 
standing in line. 

A "File" embraces one man in each rank, 
from front to rear, when in line. 

A " Column" is a body of men formed in 
sub-divisions, one in rear of the other. 

"Flank" signifies the extremity of a line 
or column. 

"Pivot" The Patriarch around whom 
the wheel is made. 

"Marching Flank." The flank opposite 
the pivot. 

"Cadence." Exact time in marching. 

"Interval." Space between subdivisions. 

" Open Order." To increase the distance 
between ranks or files. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 13 

"Echelon" (a ladder.) A formation rep- 
resenting steps of a ladder, or stairs. 

"Section" A front of eight men. 

"Platoon." A front of twelve men. 

"Links." An Encampment divided into 
three sub-divisions suitable for forming the 
three links. 

"Division." One-half of the Patriarchs 
in line — more or less. 

"Encampment." Two divisions of Uni- 
formed Patriarchs. 

"Battalion" Two or more Encampments. 



14 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 



COMMANDS. 



There are two kinds. 

The preparatory command, which indicates 
the movement that is to be executed, such 
as forward, fours right, or left. 

The command of execution, such as march, 
halt, or in the Manual of the Sword, the 
word which causes the execution. 

The preparatory commands are distin- 
guished by italics, those of execution by 

SMALL CAPITALS. 

The preparatory command should be 
pronounced in a clear, animated tone of 
voice, and of a loudness proportioned to 
the number of men under command. The 
command of execution in a tone firm and 
brief, more energetic and elevated. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 1 5 



POSITION OF THE PATRIARCH AT 
ATTENTION. 



Heels on the same line, and as near each 
other as the conformation of the Patriarch 
will permit. 

The feet turned out equally, and forming 
with each other an angle of about sixty 
degrees. 

The knees straight, without stiffness. 

The body erect on the hips, inclining a. 
little forward. 

The shoulders square, and falling equally. 

The arms hanging naturally. 

The elbows near the body. 

The palms of the hands turned slightly 
to the front, the little fingers behind the 
seams of the pantaloons. 

The head erect and square to the front. 

The chin slightly drawn in, without con- 
straint. 

The eyes fixed straight to the front and 
s riking the ground at about the distance. 
c : fifteen yards. 



1 6 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

The following movements should be 
taught to not more than four in line at a 
time, and the instructor should be careful 
to rectify all mistakes and correct the po- 
sition of the Patriarch when necessary. 

EYES RIGHT AND LEFT. 

The instructor commands: 

i. Eyes j 2. Right ; 3. Front. 

At the second command, each Patriarch 
will turn the head gently, so as to bring 
the inner corner of the left eye in a line 
with the center of the body, the eyes fixed 
on a line of the eyes of the Patriarchs in, 
or supposed to be in, the same rank. At 
the third command, the head will resume 
the habitual position 

The movement of eyes left, is executed on 
the same principles, by inverse means. 

The instructor will take particular care 
that in moving the head, the shoulders or 
body are not moved or disarranged in the 
least. 

SALUTES. 

1. Right (or left) hand j 2. Salute. 
At the second command, raise the right 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 17 

hand smartly, as high as the shoulder, by 
extending the arm, pointing in the same 
direction as the right foot, the palm of the 
hand down, the thumb close to the fore- 
finger. 

Second Motion. — Bring the hand around, 
gradually raising it, till the point of the 
thumb and side of the forefinger touch the 
lower edge of the cap or visor, at the same 
time turn the head a little to the left and 
look toward the person to be saluted. 

Third Motion. — Resume the position of 
the first motion. 

Fourth Motion. — Drop the arm quickly 
by the side. 

FACINGS TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT. 

The instructor commands: 

1. Right (or left) ; 2. Face. 

At the second command, raise the right 
foot and left toe slightly, turning on the 
left heel; then replace the right heel by the 
side of the left, and on the same line. 

The left face is executed in the same man- 
ner, turning upon the same heel. 



1 8 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 
TO FACE TO THE REAR. 

The instructor commands: 

i. Squad j 2. About ; 3. Face. 

At the second command, turn on the left 
heel, bring the left toe to the front, carry 
the right foot to the rear, the hollow oppo- 
site to, and three inches from the left heel, 
the feet square to each other. 

At the third command, turn on both 
heels, raise the toes a little, face to the rear, 
and when the face is nearly completed, 
replace the right heel by the side of the 
left. 

PARADE REST. 

To give the Patriarchs rest, imposing 
both steadiness of position, and silence, 
the instructor commands, 

1. Parade ; 2. Rest. 

At the second command, carry the right 
foot six inches directly to the rear, the 
left knee slightly bent; clasp the hands in 
front of the center of the body, the left 
hand uppermost, thumb close to the fore- 
finger, back of the hands outward. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 19 

TO RESUME THE POSITION OF THE PATRIARCH, 

The instructor commands: 

ATTENTION. 

The instructor should let the Patriarchs 
rest from time to time; for this purpose he 
commands: 

1. Squad ; 2. Rest. 

At the second command, the Patriarch is 
no longer required to preserve immobility, 
silence, or to remain in his place. If the 
instructor commands; 

1. I?i place ; 2. Rest. 

The Patriarch is not required to preserve 
immobility or silence, but must always keep 
one of his heels on the line. 

TO RESUME THE POSITION OF ATTENTION. 

The instructor commands: 

ATTENTION. 

When the Patriarch will resume his posi- 
tion, and remain motionless. 

TO DISMISS THE SQUAD. 

The instructor will cause the squad to face 
to the right, and command: 

1. Break ranks ; 2. March. 



20 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

At the first command, the Patriarch will 
carry both hands in front of the center of 
the body, palms toward each other, and 
about nine inches apart. 

At the second command, bring the palms 
of the hands together smartly. 

, ALIGNMENTS. 

The instructor first teaches the Patriarchs 
to align themselves man by man, the better 
to comprehend the principles of alignment. 
For this purpose, he will advance the two 
Patriarchs on the right, two or more paces, 
and having aligned them, commands: 
i. By file j 2. Right j 3. Dress ; 4. Front. 

At the third command, the Patriarchs 
move up successively in quick time, each 
shortening the last step so as to find him- 
self about six inches behind the alignment, 
then moves on the line, which should never 
be passed, by taking steps of two or three 
inches, turning the head and eyes to the 
right, so as to see the breast of the second 
man from him, keeping his shoulders square 
to the front, arms close to the body, and 
touching with his elbow that of the Patri- 
arch on his right. At the fourth command, 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 21 

given when the rank is well aligned, the 
Patriarchs turn their heads and eyes to the 
front and remain firm. 

i. By file, left; 2. dress; is executed on 
the same principles. The Patriarchs having 
learned to align themselves man by man, 
the instructor next aligns the entire rank 
by the commands: 

1. Right (or lefi)\ 2. Dress; 3. Front. 

At the second command, the entire rank, 
except the Patriarchs established as a basis, 
moves forward, and dresses up to the line, 
as previously explained. The instructor 
verifies the alignment by placing himself 
outside of, and on a line with the directing 
flank, and orders forward or back such files 
as may be in rear or in advance of the line. 

At the third command, the Patriarchs 
resume the front. 

Alignments to the rear are executed on 
the same principles, the Patriarchs stepping 
back a little beyond the line and then 
dressing up, by short steps of two or three 
inches. 

The commands are: 

1. By file, Bight (or left), backward ; 2. 
Dress; 3. Front ; or 1. Right (or left) back- 
ward ; 2, Dress ; 3. Front. 



22 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

PRINCIPLES OF THE DIRECT STEP. 

The length of the direct step, in common 
and quick time, is twenty-eight inches, 
measured from heel to heel; the cadence is 
at the rate of ninety steps per minute for 
common time, and one hundred and ten 
steps for quick time. A thorough instruc- 
tion in the balance-step is the quickest 
method of teaching the correct principles 
of marching; during its execution the in- 
structor requires the Patriarchs to keep 
the body, shoulders, arms and hands, in the 
position of the Patriarch. 

The instructor commands: 

i. Balance-step ; 2. Left foot ; 3. Forward ; 
4. Rear ; 5. Halt. 

At the third command, the Patriarchs will 
bend slightly the left knee, and carry the 
left foot, without jerk, about fourteen inch- 
es to the front, the knee straightening as 
the foot is brought forward, the toe turned 
out and slightly depressed, the sole of the 
foot about three inches from the ground. 

At the fourth command, carry the left 
foot to the rear, without jerk, the knee 
slightly bent, the toe on a line with the 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 2$ 

right heel, and inclining slightly down- 
ward. 

At the fifth command, plant the foot by 
the side of the other. The balance-step 
with the right foot is similarly executed. 

Quick time, in marching, is always used, 
except when " Common time' or " Double time" 
is designated in the preparatory command. 

TO MARCH IN THE DIRECT STEP. 

The instructor commands: 

i. Forward; 2. March. 

At the first command, each Patriarch will 
throw the weight of the body upon the 
right leg without bending the left knee. 

At the second command, step off prompt- 
ly with the left foot, straight to the front, 
twenty-eight inches, measuring from heel 
to heel, the sole near the ground, the toe a 
little depressed, and slightly turned out ; 
at the same time throw the weight of the 
b 1 ly forward, and plant the foot firmly, 
without shock, the weight of the body rest- 
ing upon it; next, in like manner, advance 
the right foot, and plant it as above; con- 
tinue the march, without crossing the legs 
or striking one against the other, keeping 



24 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

the shoulders and head square to the front. 
The instructor will see that the position 
of the Patriarch is strictly maintained, and 
will indicate from time to time the cadence 
of the step by calling, one, two, three, four; 
or, left, the instant the left foot should be 
planted. 

TO ARREST THE MARCH. 

The instructor commands: 

i. Squad j 2. Halt. 

At the second command, given the instant 
either foot is brought to the ground, the 
foot in rear is brought up and planted by 
the side of the other. 

Note. — Common time should be used 
preparatory to instruction in quick time. 

A squad is passed from common time 
to quick time, by the commands: i. Quick 
Time ; 2. March. And from quick to 
common time, by the commands: 1. Com- 
mon Time j 2. March. 

short step. 

Being in march, to shorten the step, the 
instructor commands : 

1. Short step j 2. March. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 25 

At the second command, the length of 
the step is reduced to fourteen inches, the 
squad resuming the full step at the com- 
mands: < 

1. Foi-ward j 2. March. 

TO MARK TIME. 

Being in march, the instructor commands: 
1. Mark time j 2. March. 

At the second command, given the in- 
stant either foot is coming to the ground, 
continue the cadence, and make a sem- 
blance of marching without gaining ground, 
by alternately advancing each foot about 
nine inches, and bringing it back, the heel 
side of the other. 

TO RESUME THE DIRECT STEP. 

The instructor commands: 

1. Forward ; 2. March. 
At the second command, the Patriarchs 
will resume the step of twenty-eight inches. 

TO CHANGE STEP. 

Being in march, the instructor commands: 

1. Change step ; 2. March. 
At the second command, given the instant 
either foot is coming to the ground, bring 



26 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

the heel of the foot which is in rear, side of 
the heel of that in front, and step off again 
with the foot that was in front. 

SIDE STEP. 

Being at a halt, to gain distance to the 
right, the instructor commands: 

i. Side step to the right j 2. March. 

At the second command, carry the right 
foot nine inches to the right, keeping the 
knees straight and the shoulders square to 
the front; as soon as the right foot is plant- 
ed, bring the left foot to the side of it, and 
continue the movement as before, observing 
the cadence, until the commands, 
1. Squad ; 2. Halt. 

The side step to the left, is similarly ex- 
ecuted. The side step should always be 
executed in quick time. 

TO MARCH BACKWARD. 

Being at a halt, the instructor commands: 
1. Backward ; 2. March. 

At the second command, step off smartly 
with the left foot fourteen inches straight 
to the rear, measuring from heel to heel, 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 27 

and so on with the feet in succession, till 
the commands: 

1. Squad j 2. Halt. 

At the second command, bring back the 
foot in front to the side of the one in rear. 

The backward step should only be used 
in gaining short distances to the rear. 

PRINCIPLES OF THE DOUBLE STEP. 

The length of the double step is thirty- 
three inches; the cadence is at the rate of 
one hundred and sixty-five steps per min- 
ute. To teach the principles of the double 
step, the instructor commands: 

1. Double step ; 2. March. 

At the first command, raise the hands till 
the forearms are horizontal, fingers closed, 
nails toward the body, elbow^s to the rear. 

At the second command, raise the left 
leg to the front, bending and elevating the 
knee as much as possible, the part of the 
leg between the knee and instep vertical, 
the toe depressed; then replace the foot in 
its former position, and execute the same 
movement with the right leg. The instruc- 
tor indicates the cadence by the commands, 



25 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

one, two, given alternately, as the left or 
right foot touches the ground, beginning 
with common time, and increasing gradu- 
ally to double time. Continue the alternate 
movement of the feet till the commands: 
i. Squad ; 2. Halt. 

At the second command, bring the foot 
which is raised, by the side of the other, 
drop tne hands, and assume the position of 
attention. 

The Patriarchs, being established in the 
principles of the step, the instructor com- 
mands: 

1. Forward j 2. Double-time j 3. March. 

At the first command, throw the weight 
of the body on the right leg. 

At the second command, raise the hands 
till the forearms are horizontal, fingers 
closed, nails toward the body. 

At the third command, carry forward the 
left foot, the leg slightly bent, the knee 
somewhat raised, and plant the foot, the 
toe first, thirty-three inches from the right; 
then execute the same movement with the 
right foot; continue this alternate move- 
ment of the feet, throwing the weight of 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 29 

the body upon the foot in advance, allow- 
ing a natural oscillatory motion to the 
arms. 

In marching in double time, the Patri- 
archs should breathe as much as possible 
through the nose, keeping the mouth 
closed. By conforming to this principle, 
less fatigue is experienced. Being in march, 

TO MARCH IN RETREAT. 

The- instructor commands: 

1. Squad, right about ; 2. March. 

At the second command, given the instant 
the right foot strikes the ground, advance 
and plant the left foot, then turn on the 
balls of both feet, face to the right about, 
and immediately step off with the left foot. 

REMARKS. 

When the Patriarchs are well instructed 
in the foregoing principles, and the various 
exercises correctly executed, the squads 
should be increased to eight or twelve men, 
formed in one rank, elbow to elbow, and 
taught the principles of marching with a 
guide, the flank and oblique movements, 
and wheelings. 



$0 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

TO MARCH IN LINE. 

The squad being correctly aligned, the 
instructor designates a well instructed Pa- 
triarch to act as guide, and places him on 
the side on which the guide is to be, and 
commands: 

i. Forward j 2. Guide left, {or right) j 
3. March. 

At the first command, throw the weight 
of the body on the right foot, without bend- 
ing the left knee. 

At the third command, the entire rank 
will step off promptly with, the left foot, 
the guide marching straight to the front. 

REMARKS. 

The instructor should observe in march- 
ing in line, that the Patriarchs touch lightly 
the elbow toward the side of the guide ; 
and that the arms are kept close to the 
body; that they yield to the pressure com- 
ing from the side of the guide, and resist 
pressure coming from the opposite direc- 
tion; that the distance, if lost, is recovered 
gradually, by lengthening or shortening 
the step; and that the head is kept direct to 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 31 

the front, no matter on which side the 
guide may be. The instructor should im- 
press it upon the Patriarch, that the align- 
ment can. only be preserved in marching, 
by the uniformity of the step, both in length 
and swiftness, by the touch of the elbow, 
and by the maintenance of the shoulders 
square with the line of direction. 

TO MARCH BY THE FLANK. 

The term "flank " has the same meaning, 
used as a military order, as "face' (as right 
flank and right face, or left flank and left 
face are the same), except that the term 
"flank" is used when on the march. 

Being in march, the instructor com- 
mands: 

1. By the right flank j 2. March. 

At the second command, given the instant 
the right foot strikes the ground, advance 
and plant the left foot, then turn to the 
right, and step off in the new direction with 
the right foot. 

The left flank is executed in the same 
manner, substituting the word " left " for 
right, and " right " for left. 



32 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

In the march by the flank, the Patriarchs 
cover each other, with the eyes fixed on the 
seam of the coat-collar of the man next in 
front, and keep closed to facing distance, 
that is, to such distance that in forming 
line the elbows will touch. 

If necessary to march in double time, 
the distance is increased to thirty-two 
inches. 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION. 

Marching by the flank, the instructor 
commands: 

i. Column right, (or left) ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the leading file 
faces, or turns to the right, and is followed 
by the other files, who turn on the same 
ground. 

TO OBLIQUE. 

When the instructor shall wish the squad 
to march obliquely, he commands: 

1. Right (or left) oblique ; 2. March. 

At the second command, each Patriarch 
makes a half face to the right (or left), and 
then marches straight forward in the new 
direction. As the Patriarchs no longer 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 33 

touch elbows, they glance along the shoul- 
ders of the nearest files, toward the side to 
which they are obliquing, and regulate 
their steps so that the right shoulder shall 
always be behind the left shoulder of the 
next man on the right, and his head conceal 
the heads of the other men in the rank. 

If the command be, " Left oblique" the 
Patriarch will make a half face to the left, 
and his left shoulder shall be behind the 
right shoulder of the next man on the left. 

To resume the original direction, the in- 
structor commands: 

i. Forward ; 2. March. 

At the second command, each Patriarch 
makes a half face to the left (or right), and 
marches straight to the front. 

If the squad be at a halt, at the command, 
Right (or left) oblique, the Patriarchs will 
make a half-face to the right (or left), and 
at the command, March, step ofF. If halted 
while obliquing, they will, after halting, 
face to the front. 

In the oblique march, the guide is always 
on that flank toward w T hich the oblique is 
made, without any indication to that effect. 



34 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

In like manner, when the direct march is 
resumed, the guide will be where it was 
before the oblique commenced. 

WHEELINGS. 

A wheel is a circular movement, by which 
the front of a squad, or company, is march- 
ed to a right angle from its original posi- 
tion, or changed ninety degrees. An 4 about 9 
is a circular movement, by which the front 
of a squad or company is marched in a 
circle facing to the rear, or changed one 
hundred and eighty degrees. 

Wheelings are of two kinds; on fixed, 
and on movable pivots. 

WHEELING ON A FIXED PIVOT. 

Being at a halt, the instructor places a 
well-instructed man on the marching flank 
and commands: 
i. In Circle, right {or left) wheel ; 2. March, 

At the second command, the Patriarchs, 
except the pivot-man, step off with the left 
foot, turning at the same time the head a 
little to the left, the eyes fixed on a line of 
the eyes of the men to their left; the pivot- 
man marks time in his place, gradually 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 35 

turning his body, to conform to the move- 
ment of the inarching flank; the Patriarch 
who conducts the marching flank takes 
steps of twenty-eight inches, and from the 
first step', advances the left shoulder a little, 
casts his eyes along the rank, and feels 
lightly the elbow of the next man toward 
the pivot, but never pushes him. 

The other Patriarchs touching lightly the 
elbow of the Patriarch next toward the 
pivot, resist pressure from the opposite 
side, conform to the movement of the 
marching flank, and shorten their steps 
according to their distance from it. 

After wheeling around the circle several 
times, 

TO HALT THE SQUAD. 

The instructor commands: 

i. Squad j 2. Halt. 

At the second command, the entire rank 
halts, and no man moves. The instructor, 
going to the flank opposite the pivot, places 
the two outer Patriarchs in the direction he 
wishes to place the rank, leaving just suffi- 
cient space between them and the pivot to 
contain the other Patriarchs. The pivot- 



$6 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

man conforms the line of his shoulders to 
the new direction. He then commands: 
i. Left ; 2. Dress; 3. Front. 

At the second command, the Patriarchs 
will be aligned according to the principles 
already prescribed. 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION FROM A HALT. 

The instructor commands: 

1. Right {or left) wheel ; 2. March ; 3. Squad; 
4. Halt ; 5. Left (or right) ; 6. Dress ; 7. 
Front. 

At the second command, the squad wheels 
to the right as before explained ; at the 
fourth command, given when the squad is 
nearly at right angles to its original posi- 
tion, it halts, the sixth and seventh com- 
mands, being executed, as previously ex- 
plained. 

TO WHEEL THE SQUAD AND MOVE FORWARD. 

The instructor commands : 
1. Right (or left) wheel ; 2. March ; 3. For- 
ward; 4. March; 5. Guide (right or left). 

The command, "forward" should be 
given in time to add " March," the instant 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 37 

the wheel is completed; at which all the 
Patriarchs take the step of" twenty-eight 
inches, and turn their heads square to the 
front. 

TO EXECUTE AN ABOUT WHEEL. 

The instructor commands: 

i. Squad, right (or left) about wheel j 2. 
March ; 3. Squad ; 4. Halt ; 5. Left (or 
right)-, 6. Dress ; 7. Front ; or, 3. Forward; 
4. March ; 5. Guide left (or right). 

The command, Halt, is given when the 
marching flank has nearly completed the 
half circle; or, if the squad moves forward, 
the command march, is given the instant 
the about, or half circle, is completed. 

WHEELING ON A MOVABLE PIVOT. 

Being in march, to change direction, the 
instructor commands: 

i. Right (or left) wheel j 2. March. 
3. Forward ; 4. March. 

The first command should be given when 
the squad is three yards from the wheeling 
point. 

At the second command, the wheel is ex- 
ecuted as on a fixed pivot, except that the 



$8 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

Patriarchs, both cast their eyes, and touch 
elbows towards the marching flank , and the 
pivot-man, instead of turning in his place, 
takes steps of nine inches, and thus gains 
ground forward in describing a small curve. 
so as to clear the wheeling point. 

The command forward, is given in time 
to add march, the instant the wheel is com- 
pleted; at which all the Patriarchs resume 
the step of twenty-eight inches, and turn 
their heads square to the front. 

In wheeling in double time, the Patriarch 
on the pivot, takes steps of eleven inches. 

During the wheel, the guide, without in- 
dication, is always on the marching flank; 
upon the completion of the wheel, the 
guide, if not already there, is announced 
on the same flank as before the movement. 
When the Patriarchs comprehend and exe- 
cute well, in quick time, the wheels on 
fixed and on movable pivots, they will be 
repeated in double time. 

The commands will be: 

i. Right {or left) wheel; 2. Double time; 
3. March. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 39 

The movement will be executed as pre- 
viously explained. 

The fixed pivot is used in all wheels, from 
a halt, in about wheels, circles, and generally 
in passing from the order in line to the 
order in column, and the reverse, both at a 
halt and in marching. 

The movable pivot is used in marching 
when changing direction, so as to clear the 
wheeling point. 

TURNING OR CHANGING DIRECTION TO THE 
SIDE OF THE GUIDE. 

Being in march, the instructor com- 
mands : 

1. Left (or right) turn; 2. March. 

The first command will be given when 
the squad is three yards from the turning- 
point. 

At the second command, given the instant 
the rank is to turn, the guide faces to the 
left (or right), and moves forward in the 
new direction without changing the ca- 
dence or length of the step. The other 
Patriarchs advance the shoulder opposite 
the guide, take the double time, and ad- 



4° 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 



vance in the new direction, till they come 
successively upon the alignment, when they 
retake the quick time, and touch elbows 
toward the guide. 

In turning in double time, the men on 
the side opposite the guide must increase 
the gait in order to come into line. 



DRILL AMD TACTICS. 41 



MANUAL OF THE SWORD, 



REMARKS. 

The instructor should see that the sword 
belt is on correctly, and sufficiently tight, 
so that the weight of the sword will not 
draw it down on the left side, the short 
chains so disposed that the sword hangs on 
the left hip, and in a line with the left leg, 
the long chain placed mid-way between the 
buttons on the coat behind ; arms hanging 
naturally by the side, the left hand grasping 
the scabbard, with the thumb in front, and 
fingers to the rear, in order that the scab- 
bard may be kept in place, in marching. 
The motions should be executed with 
promptness and energy, keeping the elbows 
close to the body, and without moving the 
head. The time for the execution of each 
motion is the ninetieth part of a minute. 
The Patriarchs should first be taught the 
Manual of the Sword by detail ; for this 



42 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

purpose the instructor gives the commands, 
preceded " by detail" whereupon the Patri- 
archs will execute the first motion, at the 
command of execution; the second, at the 
command " two" s the third at the command, 
"three." 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 



43 



POSITION OF CARRY SWORD. 




i. Carry; 2. Swords. 

The right hand being at the side, palm a 
little to the front, and little finger behind 
the seam of the pantaloons, hold the ex- 
treme end of the hilt between the thumb 
and first finger, the other fingers in rear, 
the blade perpendicular, resting against the 
point of the shoulder, the edge to the front. 



44 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 




i. Draw j 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — At the word draw, change 
the left hand on the scabbard, thumb to the 
rear, and incline the hilt forward ; grasp 
the hilt with the right hand, and draw the 
sword six inches from the scabbard. 

Second Motion. — At the command Swords, 
draw the sword from the scabbard by ex- 
tending the arm at full length to the front, 
the blade in line with the arm ; drop the 
sword in the hollow of the elbow, bring the 
hand to the side, and take the position of 
carry swords. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 45 




i. Present ; 2. Swords. 

One Motion. — At the command Swords, 
raise the sword nearly perpendicular, the 
flat of the blade opposite to, and in line 
with the nose, inclining to the front, at an 
angle of forty-five degrees, edge to the left, 
guard at the height of the neck, back of the 
hand to the front, and the forearm support- 
ed on the right breast. 

i. Carry ; 2. Swords. 

Drop the blade in the hollow of the elbow 
by carrying the hand to the right and retake 
the position of earry sword. 



4 6 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 



<Vv vi IE 1 

Ml V 


A\w* 


jK 


i v 


tB 


l j 


11 


. 


ml 




W** 


IT/l 



i. Order ; 2. Swords. 

One Motion. — Drop the point of the blade 
to the front, edge to the left, palm of the 
hand and flat of the blade to the front, 
point resting on the ground near the toe of 
the right foot. 

1. Carry ; 2. Swords. 
Bring the sword to a carry by reverse 
motion. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 



47 




i. Parade ; 2. Rest. 
First Motion, — Same as present swords. 

Second Motion. — Carry the right foot six 
inches directly to the rear, throw the weight 
of the body on the right leg, the left knee 
slightly bent ; at the same time, drop the 
point of the sword, turning the hand,- palm 
down, to the ground opposite to, and about 
four inches to the right of, the left toe; place 
the left hand over the right. 

1. Attention. 
At this command, place the right foot 



48 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

at the side of the left, and drop the hands 
by the side, still keeping the point of the 
sword on the ground between the feet. 

1. Carry ; 2. Swords. 

Bring the sword to the position of carry. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 



49 




i. Salute ; 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — Same as present swords. 

Second Motion. — Drop the point of the 
sword, by extending the right arm toward 
the ground, bring the hand by the side, the 
nails toward the body, palm up, thumb ex- 
tended along the hilt, elbow to the rear, the 
point of the sword on a line with the toe of 
the right foot, and about three inches from 
the ground, flat of the blade to the front. 

i. Carry j 2. Swords. 

At the second command, raise the sword 
to the position of carry. 



5o 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 




i. Swords ; 2. Port. 

First Motion. — At the second command, 
grasp the blade of the sword with thumb 
and forefinger of the left hand, at the height 
of the right shoulder, fingers extended. 

Second Motion. — Carry the blade of the 
sword across the body; the left hand oppo- 
site to, and at the height of the left shoul- 
der; left elbow close to the body, flat of the 
blade to the front, right hand grasping the 
hilt, the arm slightly bent. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 5 1 

i. Carry j 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — With the left hand carry 
the blade across the body, and place it 
against the right shoulder. 

Second Motion. — Drop the left hand by the 
side. 

1. Rest on , 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — Same as first motion of 
parade rest. 

Second Motion. — Same as second motion 
of parade rest, except, that the Patriarch 
inclines his head forward, and fixes his eyes 
on the ground at the point of the sword. 

1. Attention. 
Executed same as from parade rest. 

1. Carry ; 2. Swords. 
Bring the sword to the position of carry. 



5 2 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 




i. Support ; 2. Swords. 

One Motion. — At the second command, 
bring both hands in front of the center of 
the body, and place the left hand over the 
right, the arms extended at easy length, the 
blade of the sword resting across the right 
arm near the shoulder. 

i. Carry j 2. Swords. 

Drop both hands to the sides, and resume 
the position of carry. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 53 




i. Reverse ; 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — At the second command, 
raise the right hand till the arm is horizon- 
tal, by "bending the elbow, the sword per- 
pendicular. 

Second Motion. — Drop the point of the 
sword to the front, and pass the blade under 
the right arm, the end of the hilt passing 
up between the thumb and fingers of the 
right hand, the index finger extended along 
the hilt, the back of the hand to the right, 
hand in front of the right breast ; at the 



54 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

same time pass the left arm across the back, 
grasping the blade of the sword with the 
left hand, palm up. 

i. Carry ; 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — At the command carry, 
grasp firmly the hilt, by closing the index 
finger. 

Second Motion. — With the right hand pass 
the sword from under the arm to the front, 
the end of the hilt passing down between 
the thumb and fingers, drop the blade into 
the hollow of the elbow ; at the same time 
drop both hands to the sides. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 



55 




i. Prepare to j 2. Guard. 

At the command Guard, carry the right 
foot forward six inches, weight of the body 
principally on the left leg, at the same time 
raise the sword vertically, the right hand as 
high as the chin, and about eight inches to 
the right of it, by closing the right elbow, 
and drop the point of the sword to the left 
at an angle of about sixty degrees, in front 
of, and four inches from the face, the nails 
and the flat of the blade to the front. 
1. Carry ; 2. Swords. 

Resume the position of cany. 



$6 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 




t. Advance ; 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — Same as present swords. 

Second Motion. — Carry the right foot for- 
ward fourteen inches, throwing the weight 
of the body principally upon the right leg, 
bending slightly, the right knee; at the same 
time raise and extend the right arm to its 
full length directly in front, the hand on a 
level with the top of the head, back of the 
hand, and flat of the blade to the left, the 
sword pointing in a line with the arm. 

From this position prepare to guard, then 
advance swords may be executed. 
1. Carry ; 2. Swords. 

Bring the right foot side of the left, and 
resume the position of carry. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 57 

i. Form ; 2. Arch. 

First Motion. — Same as present swords. 

Second Motion. — Same as advance swords ; 
crossing the blade, about six inches from 
the point, with that of the Patriarch directly 
opposite. 

This movement should be executed so 
that the planting of the foot and the cross- 
ing of the swords will be simultaneous. 

Note.— Before executing the above move- 
ment, it will be necessary to form the En- 
campment at ** open order," or in two lines, 
facing inward. 

1. Carry ; 2. Swords. 
Same as from, advance swords. 

1. Reverse ; 2. Arch. 

First Motion. — Same as, present swords. 

Second Motion. — Executed according to 
the principles prescribed for form arch, 
except that instead of raising and extending 
the arm, the Patriarchs will lower and ex- 
tend the arm, crossing swords as before, 
points toward the ground, back of the hand 
to the right. 



5# UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

i. Carry j 2. Swords. 

Same as from form arch. 

Note. — The Patriarchs may be taught to 
reverse arch from, form arch, then to, carry 
swords. In either the form arch y or reverse 
arch, the eyes should be fixed on the cross 
of the swords. 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 



59 




i. Return; 2. Swords. 



First Motion. — At the command, "Return" 
take the position of present swords, at the 
same time grasp the scabbard with the left 
hand near its mouth, inclining it slightly 
forward. 

Second Motion. — Carry the right hand op- 
posite to, and six inches in front of the left 
shoulder; lower the blade, point to the rear, 
by passing it down the left arm, turn the 
head slightly to the left, fixing the eyes on 
the opening of the scabbard, and insert the 
blade in the scabbard until the right fore- 



60 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

arm is horizontal across the body, or to the 
first motion of draw swords^ and turn the 
head to the front, 

Third Motion. — At the command, 'Swords' 
return the blade smartly, and drop the hand 
by the side. 



i 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 6l 




I. Secure ; 2. Swords. 

First Motion. — At the command, "secure" 
extend the left arm at full length, without 
dropping the left shoulder, grasp the scab- 
bard with the thumb and three fingers of 
the left hand, the index, or fore-finger ex- 
tended along the scabbard, palm toward 
the body. 

Sec o?id Motion. — At the command, 'swords' 
raise the scabbard with the left hand, by 
bending the elbow to the rear, then bring 
the hand in front of the body, without 
changing its position on the scabbard, the 
hilt of the sword resting in the hollow of 
the elbow, the point of the scabbard direct- 
ly in front of the right knee. 

1. Replace ; 2. Swords. 

Resume the position of swords returned. 



62 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 




i. Charge j 2. Swords. 

One Motion. — Grasp the hilt of the sword 
with the right hand and bring it in front of 
the center of the body, palm upward, the 
hand two inches from the body, and at the 
height of the elbow, the right forearm rest- 
ing against the body; at the same time drop 
the blade in front to a horizontal position; 
the edge to the left, and the point at the 
height of the right hand. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 6$ 



SCHOOL OF THE ENCAMPMENT. 



REMARKS. 

In the execution of military movements, 
much more depends upon the officer in 
command than is usually conceded to him. 
The best drilled men may be, and often 
are, made to appear in an unfavorable light, 
by the carelessness or ignorance of the 
officer in timing the commands. It is there- 
fore, essential that every officer make him- 
self perfectly acquainted with the tactics, 
in all . its details, that he may give his com- 
mands at the right instant; also, that he 
may be able to give a concise explanation 
of the execution of any military manoeuvre 
before requiring the Patriarchs to perform 
it. 

The preparatory command should always 
be given a sufficient time before the com- 
mand of execution, in order to allow every 
Patriarch to thoroughly comprehend the 



64 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

movement required of him, before he is 
called upon to execute it, 

The right of an Encampment is always 
the same. It is right in front when the 
right sub-division leads, and left in front 
when the left sub-division leads. 

The guide is invariably left when march- 
ing right in front, and right when marching 
left in front. Guides should not only be 
careful to cover, but also to preserve the 
exact wheeling distance. When the Encamp- 
ment is marching in line, the guide may be 
center. In all circles and about wheels, the 
guide is always the pivot-man, and they are 
executed the same as wheels from a halt. 

The movements in these tactics are gene- 
rally explained for the right in front, and 
are executed left in front, by inverse means, 
substituting, in the commands, left for right, 
and right for left. 

The " Standard Guard " consists of three 
Patriarchs, viz.: The Standard Bearer, the 
first guardian on his right, and the second 
guardian on his left. In column of fours, 
they march as a four, the guardians cover- 
ing the Nos. 1 and 4 Patriarchs. In column 
of four sections, or platoons, the Standard 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 65 

Guard march in the center, between the 
second and third sections, or platoons. 

As it requires four sub-divisions to exe- 
cute, properly, some of the evolutions pre- 
scribed in this work, and as many of the 
Encampments have not a sufficient number 
to turn out four platoons, therefore, par- 
ticular attention has been given to the drill 
by sections. At the option of the Chief 
Captain, platoon officers may take command 
of sections, conforming to the principles 
prescribed for them in platoon movements; 
manoeuvres by sections being explained for 
chiefs of sections to command, notwith- 
standing. The Subordinate Captain com- 
mands the first platoon, Conductor the 
second, Junior Captain the third, and War- 
den the fourth. In column of fours, or 
Encampment movements, the Captains re- 
peat the preparatory commands only. 

While a division constitutes half an En- 
campment, it should be so divided that the 
first division contains two sections, or two 
platoons. It must be understood, that gene- 
rally, the explanations in these tactics 
apply to a company of either four sections 
or four platoons. 



66 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

DESIGNATION OF OFFICERS BY NUMBER. 

Those elected are designated by a star (*), 
the others are appointed by the Chief Cap- 
tain. 

*Chief Captain, i 

^Subordinate Captain, - - 2 

^Junior Captain, 3 

Conductor, 4 

Warden, ------ 5 

High Priest, ... - 6 

Standard Bearer - - - - 7 

*Scribe, 8 

^Treasurer, 9 

Right General Guide, 10 

Left General Guide, - - - 11 

First Guardian, - - - 22 

Second Guardian, - 13 

Chiefs of Sections, 14 

position of officers in line. 

The positions of the Officers of an En- 
campment in line, are as follows : (See Dia- 
gram.) 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 67 

The Chief Captain, three yards in front 
of the center. 

The Subordinate Captain, two yards 
in rear of the center of the second section, 
or platoon. 

The Junior Captain, two yards in rear 
of the center of the third section, or pla- 
toon. 

The Conductor, two yards in rear of the 
center of the first section, or platoon. 

The Warden, two yards in rear of the 
center of the fourth section, or platoon. 

Right Gen. Guide, two yards in rear of 
the right file. 

Left Gen. Guide, two yards in rear of 
the left file. 

The Standard Bearer, First Guardian 
and Second Guardian, in center of the 
line, between the divisions ; First Guar- 
dian on the right, and the Second Guar- 
dian on the left. 

The Chief of Sections, on the right of 
their respective sections. 

The High Priest, Scribe and Treasurer, 
in line according to height. 



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UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 



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DRILL AND TACTICS. 69 

TO FORM LINE. 

The conductor takes position, facing the 
line, six yards in front of the center, and 
commands: 

FALL IN. 

At which the Patriarchs promptly form 
in one rank, faced to the right, thirteen 
inches from back to breast, graduated from 
right to left, in the order of height, the 
tallest Patriarch on the right and shortest 
on the left. 

This being effected, the conductor com- 
mands: 
1. Front ; 2. Right ; 3. Dress ; 4. Front. 

At the first command, the Patriarchs will 
face to the left, as explained in the school 
of the Patriarch for left face j the second, 
third and fourth commands will be execu- 
ted as previously explained in the school 
of the Patriarch. 

The conductor then commands: 
1. Count j 2. Fours. 

At the second command, the Patriarchs 
will count from right to left, in a clear, 
steady, distinct tone, without turning the 



70 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

head — one, two, three, four, according to his 
place in line. 

The conductor next divides the Encamp- 
ment into sections or platoons, divisions, &c, 
being careful to observe that each chief of 
section has his position, on the right of his 
own section ; he shall also make any 
changes that he may deem necessary, or, 
by intimation, or order of the Chief Cap- 
tain. He then commands: 

i. Draw ; 2. Swords. 

i. First division ; 2. Side step to the right ; 
3. March ; 4. Halt. 

At the third command, the first division, 
or right half of the Encampment, move to 
the right, in order to leave an interval suf- 
ficient for the standard guard. The fourth 
command will be given the instant this is 
obtained. 

He next commands: 
1. Standard guard — Post ; 2. March. 

The standard bearer and guard will then 
take their position in line, from the rear. 

The line being in proper order the con- 
ductor commands: 

1. Present ; 2. Swords. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 7 1 

He then faces about, salutes the C. C, 
and reports. The Encampment is in order; 
after which he takes his place in line of file 
closers, passing around the right. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Carry j 2. Swords. 

to OPEN ranks. 

The C. C. commands : 

1. To the rear open order ; 2. March ; 

3. Front. 

At the first command, the right and left 
gen. guides step briskly three yards to the 
rear of the line, to mark the new align- 
ment. 

At the second command, each even-num- 
bered file will march backward, halt slightly 
in rear of the alignment, cast his eyes to 
the right, and dress on the line established 
by the guides, maintaining the interval be- 
tween the files. 

At the third command, the gen. guides 
take their places in the front rank, and the 
Patriarchs cast their eyes to the front. At 
the command march, the S. C, J. C, con- 
ductor and warden, take position two yards 



72 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

in advance of the front rank, opposite their 
places, in line, the standard guard step 
one yard to the front, the officers passing 
around the flanks nearest their positions. 

TO CLOSE RANKS. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Close order ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the rear rank, 
or even - numbered files, step forward 
promptly and resume their places in the 
front rank ; the gen. guides resume their 
places in line of file closers. 

Note. — In ceremonial parades, at open 
ranks, at the command march, the officers 
will take position three yards in front of the 
Encampment, opposite their places in line, 
passing around the nearest flank, and dress- 
ing to the right, when the ranks are closed 
again, at the command, march, the officers 
will resume their places in line. 

TO MARCH IN LINE. 

The Encampment being at a halt and 
correctly aligned, the C, C. commands: 

1. Forward ; 2. Guide left ; 3. March. 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 73 

At the third command, the Patriarchs 
step off promptly, keeping in line with, and 
touching elbows to the left, the guide ob- 
serves with the greatest care, the length and 
cadence of the step, and marches straight to 
the front, selecting points in advance and 
on the same line as the direction of the 
march. If the Patriarchs lose the step, the 
C G. commands: 

To the step. 

At this command, the Patriarchs will 
glance toward the Patriarch next on their 
left, retake the step, and then cast their eyes 
to the front. 

TO HALT THE ENCAMPMENT AND ALIGN IT. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Encampment j 2. Halt. 

1. By file ; 2. Right {or left) ; 3. Dress ; 

4. Front, or 
1. By file j 2. Left, backward ; 3. Dress ; 

4. Front, or 
1. Left j 2. Dress ; 3. Front, or 
1. Left, backward ; 2. Dress; 3. Front. 

The rank is aligned as explained in the 
school of the Patriarch. 



• 

74 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

The C. C, after the command front is 
given, if necessary, rectifies the alignment 
by directing such files as are out of line to 
move forward or back. 

TO MARCH BY THE FLANK. 

Being in line at halt, the C. C. com- 
mands: 

i. Fours right j 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

At the second command, the fours will 
wheel to the right on a fixed pivot, upon 
the completion of which, the fours will 
step off in the new direction, taking full 
length steps. The conductor will place 
himself, at the first command, in front of 
the left Patriarch of the first four, faced to 
the right, and march on a line parallel with 
the former front of the Encampment ; the 
warden will follow in rear of the column 
of fours covering the left file. The officers 
will face to the right and march two yards 
from the right flank of the column, oppo- 
site their places in line. The position of 
the C. C. on the march in column of fours, 
by the right flank, is on the left of the con- 
ductor, — by the left flank, on the right of 
the warden. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 75 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION IN COLUMN OF 
FOURS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Column left (or right) ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the conductor 
shortens his step and wheels to the left on 
the arc of a small circle, and then marches 
straight forward; the leading four wheel 
on a movable pivot, the Patriarch on the 
left following in the trace of the conductor; 
the other fours move forward and wheel on 
the same ground. 

If the command be column right, the con- 
ductor wheels as if on the marching flank 
of a rank of four. 

Column half right, or left, is similarly ex- 
ecuted. 

TO PUT THE COLUMN OF FOURS IN MARCH, 

AND CHANGE DIRECTION AT THE 

SAME TIME. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Forward j 2. Column right {or left) j 
3. March. 



j6 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

TO FORM LINE FROM COLUMN OF FOURS. 

Being in column of fours right in front, 
the C. C. commands: 

i. Foicrs left into line ; 2. March; 3. Halt; 
4. Right ; 5. Dress ; 6. Front. 

At the second command, the fours wheel 
to the left on a fixed pivot, the conductor 
and warden take their places in line of file 
closers. 

At the third command, given the instant 
the wheel is completed, the Patriarchs halt, 
and at the fifth command dress to the right. 

Being in march in column of fours, 

TO FORM LINE AND CONTINUE THE MARCH. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Fours left ; 2. March ; 3. Guide left (or 
right.) 

At the third command, given the instant 
the wheel is completed, the Patriarchs take 
the full length step to the front, keeping in 
line and touching elbows toward the guide. 

When the left is in front, the movement 
is executed on the same principles, by in- 
verse means. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 77 

TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS AND HALT. 

Being in line, the C. C. commands: 

i. Fours right ; 2. March ; 3. Halt. 

To move forward, the C. C. commands: 

1. Forward ; 2. Guide left j 3. March. 

to march in column of fours to the 

FRONT. 

Being in line, the C. C. commands: 
1. Right forward j 2. Fours right; 3. March. 

At the third command, the conductor and 
warden place themselves as in column of 
fours, the right four moves straight to the 
front, shortening the first three steps ; the 
other fours wheel to the right on a fixed 
pivot ; the second four, when its wheel is 
nearly completed, wheels to the left on a 
movable pivot, and follows the first four ; 
the other fours having wheeled to the right, 
move forward and wheel to the left on a 
movable pivot on the same ground as the 
second. 

TO MARCH TO THE REAR. 

Being in column, or in line at a halt, or 
marching, the C. C. commands: 
1. Fours right (or left) about j 2. March ; 
3. Guide right {left or center.) 



78 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

At the second command, the fours wheel 
about on a fixed pivot. 

At the third command, given the instant 
the wheel is completed, the Patriarchs touch 
elbows toward the guide and take the full 
length step. 

If in line, the C. C, at the command, 
march, passes through the nearest interval, 
and places himself three yards in front of 
the center of the Encampment, the file 
closers pass through the nearest interval, 
and take their positions two yards in the 
rear, opposite their respective places. 

In column, the file closers simply gain 
the space to the right or left, necessary to 
maintain the distance of two yards from the 
flank of the column. 

The about, in column, should always be 
executed toward the side opposite the file 
closers. 

In this movement the guides will con- 
form to the principles already explained 
for forming from column into line, and the 
reverse. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 79 

TO WHEEL IN CIRCLE. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Fours in circle ', right (or left) wheel j 
2. March. 

At the second command, the fours wheel 
in a circle on a fixed pivot ; the C. C. ob- 
serving that the fours complete each arc of 
ninety degrees simultaneously, and that the 
principles of the fixed pivot are strictly en- 
forced, the Patriarch on the marching flank 
taking the full step of twenty-eight inches. 

The circle being completed, the C. C. 
commands: 

i. Halt ; or 
i. Forward ; 2. March ; 3. Guide left, 

TO OBLIQUE IN COLUMN OF FOURS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Right (or left) oblique ; 2. March. 

Executed as explained in the school of 
the Patriarch. 

During the oblique, the Patriarchs can- 
not be too cautious in observing their place 
in line; the Patriarch, in each rank of four, 
on the side toward which the oblique is 
made, is the guide of the rank. 



So UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

TO RESUME THE DIRECT MARCH. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Forward ; 2. March. 

TO FORM LINE ON THE RIGHT FROM COLUMN 
OF FOURS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Fours on right into line j 2. March. 
At the second command, the conductor 
will turn to the right and march straight 
forward to the spot where the right of the 
Encampment is to rest, and halt ; the lead- 
ing four wheels to the right on a movable 
pivot, and moves forward to 
the left of the conductor, halts 
ri and dresses to the right; the 

LL+ other fours march a distance 

•— --^ equal to their front, beyond the 
wheeling-point of the four pre- 
ceding, wheel to the right and 
advance as explained for the 
first four; when the Patriarchs 
L — -J arrive within one pace of the 

new alignment, they immediately turn their 
eyes to the right, advance with short steps 
on the line, dress to the right, and cast their 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 8l 

eyes to the front. The file-closers will con- 
tinue the march until they arrive opposite 
their places in line, when they will turn to 
the right and close to the proper distance. 

TO FORM LINE TO THE FRONT FROM COLUMN 
OF FOURS. 

The column of fours being in march right 
in front, the C. C. commands: 

i. Encampment front into line ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the first four 
take the short step, and continue the march 
straight to the front, the conductor and 
warden resume their places in line of file- 
closers ; the other fours oblique to the left 
till opposite their places in line, then march 
to the front, each touching the elbow of the 
Patriarch to the right upon arriving in 
line. 

The line being properly dressed to the 
right, the C, C. commands: 

1. Forward j 2. March ; 3. Guide left, 
{or center.) 

TO MARCH IN RETREAT. 

Being in march in column, or in line, the 
C. C. commands: 



82 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

i. Right about ; 2. March ; 3. Guide (right, 
left, or center?) 

At the second command, each Patriarch 
faces about and marches to the rear, as pre- 
viously explained in the school of the Pa- 
triarch. 

ROUTE STEP. 

Being in march, either in line or in col- 
umn, to march in the route step, the C. C. 
commands: 

1. Route step ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the Patriarchs 
are no longer required to maintain silence, 
or to keep the step; but must carefully pre- 
serve the distance, and touch of the elbow 
toward the guide; swords may be carried 
at will. 

TO RESUME THE CADENCED STEP. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Encampment ; 2. Attention. 

At the second command, the Patriarchs 
bring their swords to carry, resume the 
quick time, and preserve silence. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 83 

TO COUNTERMARCH IN COLUMN OF FOURS. 

The C. C. commands : 
1. Countermarch j 2. Column {left or right); 
3. March. 

At the third command, the leading four 
execute a fours left (or right) about, on the 
principles of a movable pivot, the Patriarch 
on the pivot taking steps of nine inches, and 
when the wheel is completed, marches di- 
rect to the rear; the other fours, as they 
arrive in succession on the wheeling-point, 
execute what has been explained for the 
leading four. 

Being in march in line, 

TO FACE TO THE REAR AND MARCH BY THE 
FLANK LEFT IN FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Right about ; 2. Fours right j 3. March ; 
4. Guide right (or center?) 
At the third command, the Patriarchs 
will execute the right about as explained in 
the school of the Patriarch, and immediately 
wheel to the right by fours, on the prin- 
ciples of a fixed pivot, describing one- 
fourth of a circle. 



84 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

At the fourth command, given the instant 
the wheel is completed, the Patriarchs 
march straight forward, taking the full 
length step. 

Thus, marching left in front faced to the 
rear. 

TO MARCH RIGHT IN FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Right about j 2. March; 3. Guide left. 

At the second command, the Patriarchs 
face about as described, thus marching right 
in front. 

TO FORM LINE AND CONTINUE THE MARCH. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Fours left j 2. March ; 3. Guide left, 
(or center.) 

MARCHING IN COLUMN OF FOURS, LEFT IN 

FRONT FACED TO THE REAR, TO MARCH 

IN LINE TO THE FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Right about ; 2. Fours left ; 3. March; 

4. Guide left (or center.) 
Thus combining the two previous com- 
mands and manoeuvres. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 85 

TO FORM COLUMN OF TWOS FROM COLUMN OF 
FOURS. 

Being in march by the right flank, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. Right by twos ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the conductor 
obliques to the right and takes position in 
front of the No. 2 Patriarch. The warden 
obliques to the right and covers the No. 2 
Patriarch in the rear; the Nos. 1 and 2 Pa- 
triarchs of each four continue the direct 
march; the Nos. 3 and 4 Patriarchs shorten 
their steps till disengaged, when they ob- 
lique to the right, and follow Nos. 1 and 2, 
keeping distance of thirty-two inches; the 
standard bearer marches straight forward, 
the first and second guardians shorten their 
steps and form a two in rear of the standard 
bearer. 

TO FORM ONE RANK FROM COLUMN OF TWOS, 
OR FOURS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Right by file ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the conductor 
obliques to the right, and places himself in 



86 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

front of the No. i Patriarch; if from column 
of twos, the Nos. i and 3 of each four 
march straight forward, the Nos. 2 and 4 
shorten their steps, oblique to the right, 
and cover their respective files at a distance 
of thirteen inches from back to breast, the 
warden covering the rear file. 

From column of fours, the conductor, 
warden, and No. 1 of each four, follow the 
same rule as from twos, Nos. 2, 3 and 4, 
shorten their steps, oblique to the right, 
and take their places in rear of the No. 1 
Patriarch, successively. 

TO FORM FOURS FROM COLUMN OF FILES. 

Being in march, the C. C. commands: 
1. Form fours j 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

At the second command, the No. 1 of 
each four shortens his step, the Nos. 2, 3 
and 4 of each four oblique to the left and 
form on the No. 1; when the fours are 
formed, all take the full length step. 

At the third command, the conductor 
places himself in front of the No. 4 Pa- 
triarch. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 87 

TO FORM COLUMN OF TWOS FROM COLUMN 
OF FILES. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Form twos ; 2. March. 
Which is executed the same as form fours, 
except, that Nos. i and 2 shorten their steps, 
and Nos. 3 and 4 oblique to the left. 

TO FORM LINE ON THE RIGHT FROM COLUMN 
OF FILES. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. On right by file into line j 2. March. 

The movement is executed on the prin- 
ciples previously explained for column of 
fours; each Patriarch turning opposite his 
place in line. 

To march in the short step ; to mark time ; 
to change step ; to side step j to march back- 
ward ; to oblique and resume the direct step; 
to pass from the quick time to the double 
time and the reverse, — are executed as ex- 
plained in the school of the Patriarch, sub- 
stituting in the commands, Encampment, or 
Patriarchs, for Squad. 

Note. — Before forming sections, it is ne- 
cessary to have the sets of fours counted off 



88 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

and designated as the odd and even fours ; 
for this purpose the column of fours is 
halted, and the C. C. commands: 

i. Odd and even, fours j 2. Count. 

At the second command, the odd and 
even fours are designated by counting, one, 
two, three, four, five, and so on, commencing 
on the right. 

TO FORM SECTIONS FROM COLUMN OF FOURS. 

Being in march, the C. C. commands: 
1. Form sections ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the conductor 
and warden will take their places in line of 
file closers, opposite the right and left sec- 
tions respectively, each odd numbered four 
will promptly face to the right and march 
forward in that direction, a distance equal 
to the front of a four, face to the left, and 
unite with the even numbered fours; the 
instant the fours are united, the C. C. com- 
mands: 

Guide left. 

TO FORM FOURS FROM SECTIONS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Form fours ; 2. March. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 89 

At the second command, the odd num- 
bered fours march straight forward, the even 
numbered fours shorten their steps until 
they are uncovered by the odd numbered 
fours, then face promptly to the right and 
march a distance equal to the front of their 
four, face to the left, and resume the touch 
toward the guide, the guides being careful 
to cover in file, the conductor and warden 
resuming their proper places in column oi 
fours. 

TO FORM SECTIONS FRONT INTu LINE. 

Being in march in column of fours, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. Sections, front into line ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the conductoi 
and warden take positions same as in fom\ 
sections; the odd numbered fours continue 
the march to the front, taking the short 
step, the even numbered fours oblique to 
the left, and place themselves on the left 
of the odd numbered fours; upon uniting, 
all take the full length step, and the sec- 
tions conform to the principles explained 
for marching in line. 



90 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS FROM SECTIONS. 

Being in march, the C. C. commands: 
i. Sections; 2. Right forward; 3. Fours right; 
4. March. 

Executed the same as, to march in column 
of fours to the front, the right fours of each 
section conforming to the movements ex- 
plained for the right four in line, and the 
left fours to the movements explained for 
the second four. 

Column of fours from sections, at a halt, 
is formed by the same commands and 
means. 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION IN COLUMN OF 
SECTIONS. 

Being in march, the C. C. commands: 
1. Column left ; 2. March. 

At the first command, the chiefs of each 
section command, guide right, the chief of 
the first section adding, first section left 
wheel. 

At the second command, the chief of the 
first section commands, march, when the 
section wheels, according to the principles 
prescribed for wheeling on a movable pivot; 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 91 

the chief will command/^?^^/, in time to 
add viarch y the instant the wheel is com- 
pleted. 

The other sections march squarely up to 
the wheeling point (or marker), when each 
changes direction by the same commands 
and means as the first. 

The column right is executed according to 
the same principles, the guide being left, 
without indication. 

TO WHEEL IN CIRCLE, IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS. 

Being in march, or at a halt, the C. C. 
commands: 
1. Fours in circle ; 2. Right ( or left) wheel ; 

3. March ; or, 
1. Sectio?is ill circle j 2. Right (or left) wheel ; 

3. March. 

Executed on the principles of a fixed 
pivot, as explained for fours ; the wheel 
being completed, the C. C. commands: 
1. Forward ; 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

Note. — In executing the following man- 
oeuvre, first count off sections, for this pur- 
pose the C. C. commands: 

1. Odd and even sections j 2. Count. 



92 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

TO REVERSE THE POSITION OF SECTIONS. 

Being in march in column of sections, 
the C. C. commands: 

I. Odd sections; 2. In circle, fours outward 
wheel j 3. March. 

At the third command, the right fours of 

teach odd section wheel in circle 
to the right, the left four of 
each odd section wheel in circle 
S ■ V' ^ to the left; the even sections 

\ " / move straight forward through 

4 the intervals of the odd sec- 

' ' ' tions, the standard guard mark 

,*' v **\ /-* "**\ time in order to keep their po- 
f^crtD 1 — !• sition in column, and then 
\ v jf k....^*'* march forward. When the C. 
j - n C. desires " to change position 
to right in front," he commands: 
1. Even sections j 2. In circle, fours outward 
wheel ; 3. March. 
At the third command, the even sections 
execute what is prescribed for the odd sec- 
tions in the foregoing movement, and the 
odd sections what is prescribed for the even 
sections, the standard guard marking time 
as before. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. q$ 

TO WHEEL IN CIRCLE TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT 
IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Fo id's in circle outward wheel ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the right four 
of each section wheel in circle to the right, 
and the left four of each section wheel in 
circle to the left, the standard guard mark- 
ing time. 

TO WHEEL THE RIGHT AND LEFT OF SECTIONS 
IN CIRCLE ALTERNATELY. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Right of sections in circle, fours right ; 
2. March. 

At the second command, the left fours 
move straight forward, the right four of 
each section wheel to the right, making a 
complete circle, and again move forward. 
When the right fours have completed half a 
circle, the C. C. commands: 

1 . Left of sections in circle, fours left ; 
2. March. 

At the second command, the left fours 
execute to the left, the same movement as 



94 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

prescribed for the right fours, the sections 
uniting on the completion of the wheel. 

Being in column of sections right in 
front, 

TO MARCH TO THE REAR. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. Fours left about j 2. March ; 3. Guide right 

To march the column to the front again, 
the C. C. commands: 
1. Fours right about j 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

to form column of files. 
Being in march in column of sections, 
the C. C. commands: 
1. Sections ; 2. Right flank, file left j 3. March. 

At the third command, the chief of each 
section marches straight forward, taking 
two short steps; the rest of the Patriarchs 
all face to the right, march forward and 
turn to the left on reaching the ground 
from which the right moved, the Patriarch 
next to the chief, turning immediately on 
facing, as if wheeling on a movable pivot ; 
each Patriarch wheeling on the same spot, 
covering in file, and keeping closed to thir- 
teen inches from back to breast 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 95 

TO FORM SECTIONS FROM COLUMN OF FILES. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. Sections, front into line ; 2. March. 

At the^ second command, the chiefs of 
each section continue the march straight to 
the front, taking the short step, the rest of 
the Patriarchs in each section advance the 
right shoulder, oblique to the left, and come 
into line, dressing to the right. The Patri- 
archs coming into line, should lengthen the 
step, but preserve the cadence. 

The C. C. seeing all in line, commands: 
Guide left. 

Should the command march, be preceded 
by " double time" the chiefs will march for- 
ward in quick time without shortening the 
step, the other Patriarchs taking the double 
time until they arrive in line. 

TO CHANGE FRONT TO REAR. 

Being in march in column of sections, 
the C. C. commands: 

1. Countermarch ; 2. First section, fours right 
and left about j 3. March. 



(j6 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 



.** 



V 



At the third 
command, the 
right four 
wheel to the 
right about, the 
left four to the 
left about, and 
march directly 
to the rear, each 
succeeding sec- 
tion moves 
straight for- 
ward, wheeling 
on the same 
ground as the 
! first; the stand- 
ard guard ob- 
liqu e to the 
right, and on 
reaching the 
wheeling-point 
will execute a wheel to the right about and 
follow the right four, the file closers about 
face, oblique to the left, and march to the 
rear in their respective positions; the fours 
being- at section distance. 



.r~y, 



i— g--n 



\ 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 97 

TO RE-FORM SECTIONS RIGHT IN FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. Form sections j 2. First section inward 'wheel '; 
3. March. 

At the third command, the first section is 
re-formed by the leading four of each col- 
umn wheeling inward and uniting, then 
marching straight forward; each succeeding 
section executes the same movement as ex- 
plained for the first, as they arrive on the 
ground where the first section wheeled; the 
standard guard wheel inward ; the file 
closers face about and resume their proper 
places. The columns of fours, in marching 
to the rear, although at section distance, 
should be very careful to guide to the left, 
and keep the sections in an exact line, in 
order to unite on the inward wheel. 

TO RE-FORM SECTIONS LEFT IN FRONT. 

Being in march to the rear in columns of 
fours at section distance, as explained in 
the previous movement, and desiring to 
form sections left in front, the C. C. com- 
mands: 

1. Fours inward wheel ; 2. March; 3. Guide 
right. 



98 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

At the second command, all the fours 
will simultaneously wheel toward the cen- 
ter, thus forming sections, left in front. 

At the third command, given the instant 
the sections unite, all march forward touch- 
ing elbows to the right. 

MARCHING IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS LEFT IN 

FRONT TO FORM COLUMN OF FILES RIGHT 

IN FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Sections ; 2. Right flank, file right ; 
3. March. 

At the third command, each section will 
face to the right, the chief of each section 
immediately filing to the right after facing, 
the other Patriarchs covering in file, and 
turning on the same ground. 

BEING IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS RIGHT IN 
FRONT TO FORM LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Sections left into line wheel ; 2. March ; 
3. Halt ; 4. Right ; 5. Dress; 6. Front. 
Executed as previously explained in the 
movement, to form line from column of fours. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 99 

BEING IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS LEFT IN FRONT 
TO FORM LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Sections right into line wheel ; 2. March ; 
3. Halt ; 4. Left ; 5. Dress ; 6. Front. 

MARCHING IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS RIGHT IN 
FRONT TO FORM LINE ON THE RIGHT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Sections on right into line j 2. March. 

Executed on the same principles and by 
the same means as fours on right into line. 

MARCHING IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS LEFT IN 
FRONT TO FORM LINE ON THE LEFT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Sections on left into line j 2. March. 

Executed on the same principles as fours 
on right into line; the left section wheeling 
to the left, moves forward and is halted by 
the warden, and dresses to the left; the 
other sections march a distance equal to 
their front, beyond the wheeling-point of 
the section preceding, wheel to the left, 
advance, and dress to the left upon arriving 
in line. 



IOO UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

MARCHING IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS RIGHT IN 

FRONT, TO FORM LINE AND CONTINUE 

THE MARCH. 

I. Sections left wheel ; 2. March ; 3. Guide 
left (or center?) 

At the third command, given the instant 
the sections unite in line, all the Patriarchs 
touch elbows to the left (or center,) and 
march to the front, taking the full length 
step. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS TO THE RIGHT 
FROM LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. By sections right wheel j 2. March ; 
3. Halt. 

At the second command, the sections 
wheel to the right on a fixed pivot, as ex- 
plained for column of fours, the standard 
guard wheeling in the center between the 
second and third sections. 

TO PUT THE COLUMN IN MARCH. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Colunin forward ; 2. Guide left ; 3. March. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. IOI 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS AND CONTINUE 
THE MARCH, FROM LINK. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. By sections right wheel ; 2. March ; 3. For- 
ward ; 4. March ; 5. Guide left. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS TO THE REAR 
FROM LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 
1 . Right of sections, to the rear into column ; 
2. March. 

At the second command, the entire rank 
faces to the right, the chief of each section 
instantly files to the right, and marches 
straight to the rear, the Patriarchs in each 
section follow the chief of their section, 
turning on the same ground, covering in file, 
and keeping closed up; the standard guard 
turn so as to maintain their position be- 
tween the sections. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS RIGHT IN 
FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. By the left flank j 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS TO THE FRONT 
FROM LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 



102 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

i. Right of sections to the front into column ; 
2. By the right flank ; 3. March. 

At the third command, the chief of each 
section continues the march straight to the 
front, the other Patriarchs face to the right 
and follow the chief of section; the standard 
guard conform to their position in column, 
as also do the file closers. 

The Patriarchs having all filed to the 
left, the C. C. commands: 
1. By the left flank; 2. March ; 3. Guide right. 

The Encampment is now marching in col- 
umn of sections left in front. 
to march the column of sections right 

IN FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Sections right about ; 2. March ; 3. Guide 
left. 

Being in march in column of fours right 
in front, 

TO BREAK INTO COLUMN OF SECTIONS FROM 
THE RIGHT TO MARCH TO THE LEFT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. From the right form sections ; 2. First sec- 
tion fours left ; 3. March; 4. Guide left. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 103 

At the third command, the first section 
execute fours left, the other sections march 
forward in column of fours, the chief of the 
second section giving the second command 
(substituting the number of his section in 
place of first) — in season to add march the 
instant they arrive on the ground, where the 
first section wheeled, and adds, guide left, as 
soon as the fours unite; the other sections 
execute the same movements by the same 
commands as explained for the second ; 
the standard guard wheel when opposite 
their place in column. 

At the fourth command, the guides cover 
and the Patriarchs dress to the left. 

TO OBLIQUE IN COLUMN OF SECTIONS. 

The C. C. commands: 
•1. Right (or left) oblique ; 2. March. 

Executed as explained in the school of 
the Patriarch. The Patriarchs must be 
careful to preserve the alignment, so that 
when faced to the front again, the touch of 
the elbow will be observed without being 
obliged to lengthen or shorten the step ; 
the guide of each section is always on the 
flank toward which the oblique is being 



104 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

made, and he should strictly conform to 
the line and direction of the guide of the 
leading section. 

Being in march in column of sections. 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION TO THE SIDE OF THE 
GUIDE. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Right (or left) turn ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the first section 
will turn, conforming to what is prescribed 
in the school of the Patriarch; the other 
sections march forward, the chief of each, 
giving the first command in season to add 
march, the instant his section arrives on the 
ground where the first turned, when each 
will turn as explained for the first ; the 
standard guard will turn, by executing threes 
right (or left,) so as to conform to their posi- 
tion in column. 

REMARKS. 

As stated in the remarks for the school 
of the Encampment, particular attention 
has been paid to the movements by sections. 
It is not necessary, therefore, to explain the 
movements by platoon, except when they 
differ from sections, the movements being 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 105 

executed according to the principles pre- 
scribed for sections ; in fact the only differ- 
ence between the manoeuvres by section and 
by platoon, in many cases, is in the com- 
mands. 

Being in line. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF PLATOONS TO THE 
RIGHT. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Platoons right wheel j 2. March. 

At the first command, the platoon officers 
pass quickly around the flanks, and place 
themselves two yards in front of the center 
of their respective platoons. 

At the second command, the platoons 
wheel to the right on a fixed pivot, each 
platoon officer hastens to the point where 
the left of his platoon is to rest on the com- 
pletion of the wheel, faces to the late rear, 
and when the Patriarch on the marching 
flank approaches the perpendicular, com- 
mands, designating the number of his pla- 
toon: 

1. Platoon j 2. Halt ; 3. Left; 4. Dress ; 
5. Front. 



106 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

At the second command, given the instant 
the Patriarch on the marching flank arrives 
to within three paces of the perpendicular, 
the platoon halts; the Patriarch on the left 
of each platoon, at once steps forward to 
the point where the left of the platoon is to 
rest, being at exactly right angles w4th the 
former front. 

At the fourth command, the platoon 
dresses to the left; the alignment being 
perfected, the platoon officer commands 
front, and places himself two yards in front 
of the center of his platoon. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF PLATOONS TO THE LEFT. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Platoons left wheel j 2. March. 
Which is executed according to the same 
principles. 

to form column of platoons and move 
forward without halting. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Continue the march ; 2. Platoons right (or 
left) iv heel ; 3. March ; 4. Forward ; 
5. March ; 6. Guide left. 
The platoons wheel as before, except that 



DRILL AND TACTICS. I07 

each officer remains in front of the center 
of his platoon. 

At the fifth command, given the instant 
the wheel is completed, the platoons will 
march straight to the front. 

At the sixth command, the guides will be 
careful to cover, and to preserve the step 
and platoon distance. 

Note. — Each officer should always face 
his platoon when giving a command. 

TO HALT THE COLUMN OF PLATOONS. 

The C. C. commands : 

1. Column j 2. Halt. 

TO PUT THE COLUMN OF PLATOONS IN MARCH 
FROM A HALT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Column forward j 2. Guide left; 3. March. 
Being in march in column of fours; 

TO FORM PLATOONS TO THE FRONT INTO 
LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Platoons front i?ito line j 2. March ; 

3. Guide left (or center^) 
Executed according to the principles pre- 



108 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS , 

scribed for sections, except that the platoon 
officers hasten to place themselves in front 
of the centers of their respective platoons. 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION IN COLUMN OF 
PLATOONS. 

The C. C. commands: 

t. Column left (or right) ; 2. March. 

Executed according to the same princi- 
ples and in the same manner as prescribed 
for column of sections, except that the 
commands are given by platoon officers, 
substituting the word "platoon" for section. 

Note. — Platoon officers should see that 
the guide does not shorten his step, on ap- 
proaching the wheeling-point, which is too 
often the case, thereby losing distance ; 
another fault is often noticed in changing 
direction — platoons, or sub-divisions, are 
too apt to anticipate the order, and com- 
mence wheeling before the command of 
execution is given, or before they arrive 
fully up to the wheeling point; this may 
be avoided by the officer watching closely 
his sub-division, cautioning, if necessary, 
and by giving the command, march, at the 
right instant. 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 109 

Being in march in column of fours right 
in front, 

TO BREAK BY THE RIGHT OF PLATOONS INTO 
COLUMN. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Right of platoons to the right into column ; 
2. March. 

At the first command, the platoon officers 
hasten to place themselves on the left of 
the guides in the leading fours of their re- 
spective platoons, and command, " column\ 
right." 

At the second command, the leading four 
of each platoon wheel to the right, on a 
movable pivot, the other fours conforming 
to the principles prescribed for changing 
direction. 

The C. C, after all the fours have changed 
direction, commands: 

1. Fours left j 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

The platoon officers repeat the first and 
third commands. 

At the second command, the fours wheel 
to the left on a fixed pivot; the command, 
guide left, being given the instant the fours 



IIO UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

unite; the Patriarchs touch elbows to the 
left, and march to the front, the guides 
covering, the officers in their proper places. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS FROM COLUMN 
OF PLATOONS. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Platoons ; 2. Right forward j 3. Fours right; 
4. March ; 5. Guide left. 

The platoon officers will repeat the first 
three commands, designating their respect- 
ive platoons by number, &s,jirst, second, third, 
or fourth platoon. 

At the command march, the officers will 
quickly resume their places as file closers, 
each platoon executing the movement as 
prescribed " to march in column of fours to the 
front" This may be executed from a halt, 
or in march. 

If the left is in front, the command will 
be: 

1. Platoons ; 2. Left forward ; 3. Fours left ; 
4 Mapch ; 5. Guide right. 

Executed on the same principles. 
Being in march in column of fours right 
in front, 



DRILL AND TACTICS. Ill 

TO BREAK INTO COLUMN OF PLATOONS FROM 
THE RIGHT TO MARCH TO THE LEFT. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. From the right form platoons j 2. March ; 
3. Guide left. 

At the first command, the officers hasten 
to place themselves in front of their pla- 
toons, passing through the nearest interval; 
the officer commanding the first platoon, 
commands, "first platoon fours left" the 
other officers cautioning their platoons to 
march straight forward. 

At the command march, the movement 
is executed precisely as laid down for 
the same movement in sections, except that 
each officer commands guide left as soon as 
the fours unite in his platoon. 

TO WHEEL IN CIRCLE BY FOURS, FROM COLUMN 
OF PLATOONS. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Fours in circle right (or left) wheel ; 
2. March, 
to march forward. 
The C. C. commands: 
1. Forward ; 2. Guide left (or right) ; 
3. March. 



In J UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

TO MARCH TO THE REAR IN COLUMN OF 
PLATOONS. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. Fours left (or right} about ; 2. March • 
3. Guide right. 

TO OBLIQUE IN COLUMN OF PLATOONS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Right (or left} oblique ; 2. March. 
Executed as prescribed for the oblique in 
sections. 

TO FORM LINE FROM COLUMN OF PLATOONS 
RIGHT IN FRONT. 

The C. C. first sees that the guides cover, 
and have proper distance, and then com- 
mands: 

1. Left into line wheel j 2. March. 

At the second command, the platoons 
wheel to the left on a fixed pivot. When 
the Patriarch on the marching flank has 
approached to within three paces of the 
line, the platoon officer commands: 

1 . First, (second, third or fourth) platoon j 
2. Halt. 

And passing through the interval takes his 
place in the file closers. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 113 

The C. C. moves rapidly to the point 
where the right of the line is to rest, and 
commands: 

1. Right j 2. Dress ; 3. Front. 
Which is executed as prescribed in the 
school of the Patriarch. 

If the column be left in front, the line 
will be formed by the same means, at the 
commands: 

1. Right into line wheel j 2. March. 

1. Platoon ; 2. Halt. 

1. Left ; 2. Dress; 3. Front. 

to form column of platoons into line 
and continue the march. 
Being in march right in front, the C. C. 
commands: 

1. Platoons j 2. Left wheel ; 3. March. 
Each platoon, at the command march, will 
wheel to the left on the principles of a fixed 
pivot, the same as from a halt; when the 
wheel is completed, the C. C. commands: 
1. Forward j 2. March ; 3. Guide left 
(or center.) 
The first command should be given when 
the marching flank is yet three paces from 



IT4 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

the line, so that the second command may- 
be given the instant the platoons unite. 

At the third command, all the Patriarchs 
touch elbows to the left, and march straight 
to the front. The officers return to their 
place in line, at the command march. 

Note. — The Patriarchs should be in- 
structed, that, in all wheels from a halt, or 
on a fixed pivot, they should touch elbows 
toward the pivot \ and cast their eyes toward the 
marching flank ; that in changing direction, 
or wheels on a movable pivot, they both 
touch elbows and cast their eyes toward the 
marching flank. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF FILES FROM COLUMN OF 
PLATOONS. 

Being in march in column of platoons, 
the C. C. commands: 

i. Platoons j 2. Right flank y file left ; 
3. March. 
Executed the same as in sections " to form 
column of files'* 

TO FORM PLATOONS FROM COLUMN OF FILES. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Platoons ; 2. Front into line ; 3. March. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 115 

Executed according to the principles pre- 
scribed ' to form sections from colunin of files \ 
the platoon officers place themselves in 
front of the center of their respective pla- 
toons, and command, guide left. 

TO FORM LINE TO THE FRONT FROM COLUMN 
OF PLATOONS. 

Being in column of platoons at a halt, 
right in front, to form line to the front, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. On first platoon for?n line ; 2. Left; 3. Face ; 
4. March. 

At the second command, the officer 
commanding the first platoon, cautions it 
to stand fast. 

At the third command, he hastens to the 
right of his platoon and commands, right 
dress; the second, third and fourth platoons, 
at the third command, face to the left. 

At the fourth command, the second, third 
and fourth platoons march forward in the 
new direction ; the second platoon officer 
then commands, second platoon, by the righi 
dank, in season to add, march, the instant 
the right of his platoon is in line with the 
left of the first, or has uncovered it ; the 



Il6 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

platoon then marches forward, and is halted 
by its officer, when within one pace of the 
new alignment ; he then commands, second 
platoon, right dress; the platoon dresses to 
the right on the first platoon, and the offi- 
cer takes his place as file closer, passing 
around the left of his platoon. 

The third and fourth platoons execute 
the same movements as prescribed for the 
second, flanking to the right, when the right 
of each platoon is in line with the left of 
the one preceding it — the standard guard 
will execute the same movement, and dress 
on the left of the second platoon. As soon 
as all are aligned, the first platoon officer 
commands,/^ and steps into the line of 
file closers. 

TO BREAK BY THE RIGHT OF PLATOONS TO 
THE REAR INTO COLUMN. 

The C. C. commands: 
i . By the right of platoons to the rear into col- 
umn ; 2. Fours right j 3. March. 

At the first command, the platoon officers 
hasten to place themselves on the right of 
their respective platoons. 

At the second command, the officers cau- 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 



117 



tion the first four of their platoon to wheel 
to the right about. 

At the third command, all the fours wheel 
to the right, the leading four of each pla- 
toon wheel to the right 

'****" n n HI n a k° llt > an d march per- 
pendicularly to the rear; 
the remaining fours in 
L..-1--1— i— " ^ eacn platoon follow the 
Tl J\ '41 /ii *' lea( ^ in g' four, wheeling 
on the same ground; the 
standard guard wheel in- 
dependently and in their 
own interval, the same 
as a four. 

When all the fours are marching to the 
rear, the C. C. commands: 

1. Fours left j 2. March ; 3. Guide left, or 

2. Halt ; 3. Left ; 4. Dress ; 5. Front. 

TO BREAK BY THE LEFT OF PLATOONS TO THE 
REAR INTO COLUMN. 

The same movement may be executed to 
the left, from line, by the commands: 
1. By the left of platoons, to rear into column ; 
2. Fours left j 3. March. 



115 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

Executed on the same principles, by in- 
verse means. 

When all are marching to the rear, to 
form platoons, the C. C. commands: 
i. Fours right ; 2. March ; 3. Guide right. 

Thus, forming column of platoons, left in 
front. 

to advance by the right of platoons. 

Being in line at a halt or in march, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. Platoons ; 2. Rig hi forward ; 3. Fours right; 
4. March. 

At the fourth command, the platoon offi- 
cers hasten to place themselves on the left 
of the first four of their respective platoons; 
each platoon executes right forward, fours 
right j the first four of each platoon march- 
es straight forward, the second follows in 
their trace, by executing fours left imme- 
diately after fours right ; the other fours 
follow, wheeling on the same ground as the 
second four. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 119 

ADVANCINC BY THE RIGHT OF PLATOONS TO 
FORM LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Platoons front into line ; 2. March ; 

3. Guide right (or center) ; or, 

3. Halt ; 4. Right ; 5. Dress; 6. Front. 

At the second command, the platoons ex- 
ecute the front into tine ; the leading fours 
of each platoon inarch straight forward, 
taking the short step, the other fours ob- 
lique to the left, coming into line success- 
ively; the platoon officers returning to their 
places as file closers. 

to form line on the right from column 
of platoons. 
The C. C. commands: 

1. On right into li?ie j 2. Guide right ; 
3. March. 
At the second command, the officer of 
the first platoon, commands, " right turn." 

At the third command, repeated by the 
same officer, the first platoon turns to the 
right (as explained in the school of the 
Patriarch,) advances in the new direction 
to within one pace of the new alignment, 



I20. UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

when it is halted by its officer and dressed 
to the right, by short steps, the platoon offi- 
cer then takes his place as file closer. 

The second platoon marches straight 
to the front; its officer commands, right 
turn, in time to add, march, when opposite 
the right of its place in line, halts it at one 
pace from the line, and commands, right 
dress, and returns to his place as file closer, 
passing around the left flank; the third and 
fourth platoons execute the same move- 
ments by the same commands, as prescribed 
for the second platoon; the standard guard 
wheel to the right when opposite the right 
of their place in line, and dress upon the 
left of the second platoon. 

The C. C. seeing the alignment complete, 
commands: 

Front. 

REMARKS. 

A division is one-half of the Encamp- 
ment, be it more or less; provided, howev- 
er, that the fours in the first division shall 
be complete. The two divisions are designa- 
ted respectively, first and second divisions. 
The S. C. will command the first, and the 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 12 1 

J. C. the second division ; their positions 
in column being two yards in front of the 
center of their respective divisions. The 
position of the C. C. is three yards to the 
left of the first division, and abreast of the 
S. C. ; as in column of platoons. The stand- 
ard guard should be in the center, between 
the first and second divisions. 

The movements by division are executed 
according to the same principles, and by 
the same means, as prescribed for platoons; 
the commands being as follows : 

Being in line. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS TO THE RIGHT. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. By division, right wheel ; 2. March. 

The S. C. and J. C. conforming to the 
same rule as explained for platoons, com- 
mand: 
1. First {or second) division; 2. Halt; 3. Left; 

4. Dress ; 5. Front, 
to form column of divisions to the right 

and move forward without halting. 

The C. C. commands: 
t. Continue the march ; 2. By division right 

wheel j 3. March ; 4. Forward ; 5. March ; 

6. Guide left. 



122 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

Executed as explained for platoons, the 
S. C. and J. C. repeating the second, fourth 
and sixth commands, designating their di- 
visions. 

TO HALT THE COLUMN OF DIVISIONS. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Column j 2. Halt. 

TO PUT THE COLUMN OF DIVISIONS IN MARCH. 

The C. C. commands: 
i. Column forward ; 2. Guide left ; 3. March. 
Being in march in column of fours. 

TO FORM DIVISIONS TO THE FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Divisions front into line ; 2. March ; 
3. Guide left (or center)) 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION IN COLUMN OF DIVI- 
SIONS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Column left (or right); 2. March. 

Note. — As much depends upon the offi- 
cers in changing direction properly, atten- 
tion is called to the note after the same 
movement by platoon. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. I 23 

TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS FROM COLUMN 
OF DIVISIONS. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Divisions ; 2. Right forward ; 3. Fours 
right ; 4. March; 5. Guide left. 

Being in column of fours at a halt, or in 
march. 

TO BREAK INTO COLUMN OF DIVISIONS FROM 
THE RIGHT TO MARCH TO THE LEFT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. From the right form divisions ; 2. March ; 
3. Guide left. 

Executed as explained for platoons. 

Being in column of divisions, 

To wheel in circle by fours ; to march for- 
ward ; to march to the rear; to right (or left) 
oblique. 

The commands are the same as in column 
of platoons, substituting division for pla- 
toon. 

TO FORM LINE FROM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS 
RIGHT IN FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Left into line wheel ; 2. March. 



124 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

At the second command, the divisions 
wheel to the left, as prescribed for column 
of platoons; the S. C. and J, C, as the march- 
ing flank approaches the line, command : 
i. First (or second} division ; 2. Halt. 

And immediately take their places in line 
of file closers. 

The C. C. moves rapidly to the point 
where the right of the line is to rest, and 
commands: 

1. Eight ; 2. Dress ; 3. Front. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF DIVISIONS INTO LINE 
AND CONTINUE THE MARCH. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Divisions ; 2. Left wheel ; 3. March ; 
4. Forward; 5. March; 6. Guide left (or center) 

Executed as explained for column of pla- 
toons. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF FILES FROM COLUMN 
OF DIVISIONS. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Divisions ; 2. Right flank, file left ; 
3. March. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 125 

TO FORM DIVISIONS FROM COLUMN OF FILES. 

The C. C. commands : 
1. Divisions j 2. Front into line ; 3. March ; 
- 4. Guide left (or center.) 

TO BREAK BY THE RIGHT OF DIVISIONS TO 
THE REAR INTO COLUMN. 

Being in line, the C. C. commands: 
1 . By the right of divisions, to the rear into col- 
umn ; 2. Fours right j 3. March. 

Executed as from column of platoons. 

When the fours are all marching to the 
rear, the C. C. commands: 

1. Fours left ; 2. March ; 3. Guide left 

TO ADVANCE BY THE RIGHT OF DIVISIONS. 

Being in line at a halt, or in march, the 
C. C. commands: 
1. Divisions j 2. Fight forward j 3. Fours 
right j 4. March. 
Executed according to the principles pre- 
scribed, to advance by the right of platoons. 

ADVANCING BY THE RIGHT OF DIVISIONS TO 
FORM LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Divisions front into line ; 2. March ; 

3. Guide left (or center); or, 

3. Halt ; 4. Fight j 5. Dress ; 6. Front. 



126 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

Executed the same as from column of 
platoons. 

TO FORM LINE ON THE RIGHT FROM COLUMN 
OF DIVISIONS. 

Executed by the same means and com- 
mands, as from column of platoons, substi- 
tuting the word division for platoon. 

TO BREAK INTO DIVISIONS. 

Being in line at a halt, the C. C. com- 
mands: 
i. Form divisions ; 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

At the first command, the S. C. and J. C. 
place themselves in front of their respective 
divisions, the S. C. commands, first division 
forward ; the J. C. commands, second divi- 
sion right oblique. At the command, march, 
repeated by both captains, the first division 
moves forward, the S. C. repeating, guide 
left j the second division obliques to the 
right, the J. C. commanding, forward, in 
time to add march, the instant the left guide 
arrives in the trace of the guide of the first 
division, then adds, guide left. 

If marching, the S. C. repeats the com- 
mand, guide left ; the J. C. commands, right 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 12; 

oblique, and completes the movement as 
from a halt, 

TO RE-FORM LINE. 

Being at a halt in column of division, the 
C. C. commands: 
i. On first division form line ; 2. March; 
3. Front. 

At the first command, the S. C. commands. 
First division forward, guide right ; the J. C. 
commands, second division, left oblique. 

At the second command, repeated by both 
captains, the first division advances division 
distance, when the S. C. commands, halt, 
right dress, and returns to his place as file 
closer. The second division obliques to the 
left, the J. C. commanding, forward, in time 
to add, march, guide right, the instant the divi- 
sion is opposite its place in line ; on arriv- 
ing at one yard from the line, the J. C. 
commands : halt, right dress, and returns to 
his place as file closer. 

The C. C. superintends the alignment 
from the right flank, and gives the com- 
mand, front, upon its completion. 

If marching, the S. C. commands, guide 
right, and the movement is completed as 
explained. 



128 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

TO CHANGE DIRECTION MARCHING IN LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Right (jr left) wheel ; 2. March. 
Executed according to the principles pre- 
scribed for wheels on a movable pivot. 

When the wheel is completed, the C. C. 
commands: 

1. Forward j 2. March ; 3. Guide left, 
(or right, or center?) 

TO MARCH TO THE RIGHT OR LEFT IN COLUMN 
OF FILES, FROM LINE. 

Being in march in line, the C. C. com- 
mands: 
1. By the right (or left) flank ; 2. March. 

At the second command, given the instant 
the left foot is planted, the Patriarchs will 
step off in the new direction with the right 
foot. 

Or, in the movement by the left flank, 
which is similarly executed, the first step 
in the new direction will be with the left 
foot. 

Care should be taken that the files are kept 
closed to facing distance. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 1 29 

TO FORM LINE FROM COLUMN OF FILES AND 
CONTINUE THE MARCH. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Encampment front into line j 2. March ; 
3. Guide left, (right or center^) 

TO BREAK FOURS TO THE REAR. 

Marching in line, to pass obstacles, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. (So many) fours from rig /it (or left) to rear; 
2. March. 

At the second command, the fours desig- 
nated execute fours left (or right) ; imme- 
diately upon its completion, the leading (or 
inner) four, executes fours right (or left,) the 
other fours follow, turning on the same 
ground, thus marching in column of fours. 

The obstruction being passed, the C. C. 
commands : 

1. Rear fours front into line j 2. March. 

The fours in rear oblique to the right (or 
left,) until opposite their place in line, and 
by lengthening the step resume their for- 
mer position. 

TO ADVANCE BY THE RIGHT OF ENCAMPMENT. 

Being in line at a halt, or in march, the 
C. C. commands: 



130 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

i. Right forward ; 2. Fours right ; 3. March. 

MARCHING BY THE RIGHT FLANK TO RE-FORM 
LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Encampment, front into line ; 2. March ; 
3. Guide left y (right, or center?) 

TO ADVANCE BY THE LEFT OF ENCAMPMENT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Left forward ; 2. Fours left ; 3. March. 

And will re-form line by the same com- 
mand as from the right flank. 

Note. — In these tactics, all movements of 
front into line, are executed so that when 
completed, the line will be as originally 
formed, right in front. 

COMBINATION MOVEMENT. 

TO ADVANCE FROM CENTER BY SECTIONS AT 
HALF DISTANCE. 

Being in line at a halt, or in march, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. Form sections from center at half distance ; 
2. Center forward ; 3. Fours left and right; 
4. March ; 5. Guide center. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 131 

At the first command, the S. C. and J. C # 
hasten to their positions in front of their 
respective divisions. 

At the third command, the S. C. com- 
mands, first division, left foi-ward, fours left ; 
the J. C. commands, second division, right 
forward, fours rig /it. 

At the third command, the center section 
moves forward; the other fours wheeling to 
the left and right, follow the leading four 
of their respective divisions, by wheeling to 
the front as they approach the center, thus 
forming sections with the opposite fours ; 
at the second command, the standard guard 
step two yards to the front, — if in march, 
they gain that distance by lengthening the 
step, — at the command, march, the leading 
fours close the interval by obliquing toward 
the center, the officers march on the outer 
flanks of their respective divisions, opposite 
their places in column. 

TO FORM DOUBLE COLUMN OF FILES. 

Marching from center by sections, at half 
distance, the C. C. commands: 

1. On center form double column of files ; 
2. March. 



132 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

At the second command, the standard 
guard and No. 4 Patriarch of each right 
four, and No. 1 of each left four continue 
to march straight forward, the second divi- 
sion execute right by file, as explained, to 
form one rank from column of fours ; the first 
division (or right fours,) execute the left by 
file, by inverse means, the Nos. 3, 2 and 1 
Patriarchs obliquing to the left, and form- 
ing in rear of No. 4 Patriarch successively; 
the officers oblique to the left and right, 
observing their proper intervals as file clo- 
sers. 

Thus, the column is marching in two 
ranks, or double column of files, closed to 
facing distance. 



TO MARCH TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT BY 
DIVISIONS. 



The C. C. commands: 
1. Right and left by division ; 2. March 

At the second command, the standard 
guard mark time, the first division flank to 
the right, the second division to the left, 
and march in opposite directions. 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 133 

TO MARCH THE DIVISIONS TOWARD EACH 
OTHER. 

The C. C. commands: 

- 1. Right about ; 2. March. 

In marching the divisions to the right 
and left in opposite directions, or towards 
each other, the guide in each division is 
toward the head or right of the division, or 
center, at the option of the C. C. 

As the divisions approach each other, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. Right and left flank ; 2. March. 

The command march, is given the instant 
the divisions close to facing distance. 

The C. C. then commands: 

1. Form sections ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the fours in each 
column of files, execute form fours, the 
Nos. 3, 2 and 1 Patriarchs in the first divi- 
sion obliquing to the right, and forming on 
the No. 4 Patriarch. 

TO FORM LINE TO THE FRONT FROM COLUMN 

OF SECTIONS FROM CENTER AT HALF 

DISTANCE. 

The C. C. commands: 



134 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

1. Encampment \ right and left front into line; 
2. March. 

At the second command, the standard 
guard shorten their step, the leading fours 
in the first and second divisions oblique to 
the right and left, and form on the standard 
guard, the other fours execute the right and 
left front into line, according to the prin- 
ciples prescribed for front into line. 

The C. C. commands: 

Guide center. 

Note. — In this movement a beautiful 
effect is produced by giving the command, 
charge swords, immediately after the com- 
mand right about, march, and when the divi- 
sions have arrived at three yards apart, the 
command, form arch, halt, when the Patri- 
archs will halt and form arch. To carry 
swords, close the ranks, and march forward 
in double column of files, the C. C. com- 
mands, carry swords, forward, right and left 
flank, march. 

Another means of executing the right 
and left by divisions, the about, the flank. 
and forming line, which is equally beauti- 
ful, is as follows: 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 135 

Marching from centre by sections at half 
distance, 

TO WHEEL BY FOURS INTO DIVISIONS AND 
MARCH TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Fours right and left by divisions j 2. March. 

At the second command, the standard 
guard mark time, the first division execute 
fours right, the second division fours left, 
and march in opposite directions. 

Desiring to execute the about, the C. C. 
commands: , 

1. Fours left and right about j 2. March. 

At the second command, the first division 
execute fours left about, and the second di- 
vision, fours right about, guiding in each 
direction, toward the head of the divi- 
sions, or center, as directed. Having ar- 
rived at nearly section distance, the C. C. 
commands: 

1. Fours right and left j 2. March. 

At the command march, given the instant 
section distance is gained, the first division 
execute fours right, the second division 
fours left. 



136 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

As the fours unite, the C. C. commands: 

Guide center. 
And the column moves straight to the front. 

TO FORM THE COLUMN OF SECTIONS FROM 

CENTER AT HALF DISTANCE TO THE 

RIGHT INTO LINE. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. First division fours right ; 2. Second divi- 
sion on right into line ; 3. March. 

At the third command, fhe first division 
execute fours right, and is halted by the S. 
C. as the fours unite in line; he then com- 
mands, left dress, and returns to his place as 
file closer; the standard guard wheel to the 
right and close at once on to the left of the 
first division; the second division execute 
fours on right into line, as previously ex- 
plained, and dress to the right. 

The line being properly dressed, the 
C. C. commands: 

Front. 

During the previous combination of 
movements, the S. C. and J. C. repeat so 
much of the preparatory commands as re- 
late to their respective divisions, designa- 
ting the same by, first, or second division. 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 137 

TO FORM SQUARE. 

Being in march in column of sections, 
(or platoons,) the C. C. commands: 
. 1. Form square j 2. March. 

At the second command, the first section 
mark time, the fourth, or last section march 
straight forward, the second and third, or 
intervening sections, flank to the right ana 
left from the center, the right half of each 
section executing, by the right flank, file left, 
and the left half of each, by the left flank, 
file right. As the second section closes on 
the right and left flanks of the first sec- 
tion, it will mark time, as will each suc- 
ceeding section, upon closing on the pre- 
ceding one, until the fourth, or last section 
closes up and completes the square, when 
the C C. commands: 

1. Forward ; 2. March ; 3. Guide left. 

In the formation of the square, as in the 
reduction, the various commands to the 
sections, are given by the chiefs of sections, 
or by platoon officers, if in command ; at 
the first command of the C. C, the standard 
guard and officers march inside the square, 
taking their position by the shortest route, 
at the commencement of the movement. 



I38 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

TO RE-FORM SECTIONS FROM SQUARE. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Reduce square ; 2. March. 

At the second command, the first section 
continues to march straight forward, the 
fourth, or last section, mark time; the second 
and third, or intervening sections, forward 
into line toward the center, and mark time 
until wheeling distance is gained between 
them and the next preceding section; then 
move forward. The standard guard and 
officers resume their positions in column of 
sections. 

TO FORM SQUARE FROM COLUMN OF PLATOONS, 

AND TO REDUCE SQUARE TO COLUMN OF 

PLATOONS. 

Executed precisely as explained for sec- 
tions, except that the platoon officers sub- 
stitute the word platoon for section. 

TO FORM CROSS. 

Being in march in column of sections, 
the C. C. commands: 

1. Four cross ; 2. March. 

At the first command, the chiefs of sec- 
tions give the following commands: 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 139 

i st Section, Right flank, file left. 
2nd " Guide right. 

3rd " By the right flank, and by the left 
flank. 
When it has uncovered the right of the 
second section, 

4th, (5th and 6th) Sections, Right flank, file 
left. 

At the command, mareh, given by the C. 
C, the sections execute the commands 
given by their chiefs as prescribed, the first 
section will mark time, as soon as its last file 
has turned to the left, until the remaining 
sections have closed upon it; the standard 
guard lengthen their steps, the standard 
bearer taking position on the right of the 
second section, the first guardian directly 
in front of him, and the second guardian in 
his rear, the standard bearer will be the 
center and guide of the cross. 

The chiefs of sections will be careful to 
see that their respective sections execute 
the movements correctly, and will give 
such commands as are necessary to accom- 
plish this purpose. 

When the cross is completed, the C. C. 
commands: 



I40 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

i. Forward ; 2. Guide center ; 3. March. 
The command, march, should be given the 
instant the cross is completed. The C. C. 
and S. C. take position two yards to the 
left and right of the center of the first sec- 
tion respectively, the right gen. guide in 
front of the first file on the right, the left 
gen. guide in rear of the fourth section, the 
warden in rear of the left gen. guide, the 
conductor in rear of the warden, and the 
J. C. and S. C. in rear of the conductor, 
each thirteen inches from back to breast. 
It is very important that the files keep 
closed to facing distance. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS FROM CROSS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1 . Reduce cross ; 2 . March. 

At the first command, the chiefs of sec- 
tions command : 
1 st Section, Into fate. 
2nd Forward, guide right. 

3rd " By the left flank, then by the right 

flank. 
4th, (5th and 6th) Sections, Into line. 

At the command, march, given by the C. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 141 

C, the respective sections execute the 
movements indicated in the commands of 
their chiefs, the chiefs of the second, third 
and fourth sections will see that their sec- 
tions mark time, and move forward when 
section distance is obtained between them 
and the preceding sections. 

TO FORM PATRIARCHAL CROSS. 

Being in march in column of fours, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. Form patriarchal cross j 2. March. 
At the first command, the chiefs of sec- 
tions command as follows, designating the 
fours in their respective sections: 
First Chief — 

First four, by the right flank, file left. 

Second four, right oblique. 
Second Chief — 

Third four, guide right. 

Fourth four, by the right flank, file left. 
Third Chief — 

Fifth four, by the right flank, file left. 

Sixth four, right oblique. 
Fourth Chief— 

Seventh four, guide right. 

Eighth four, by the right flank, file left. 



142 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 



At the command, march, the fours will 

I execute the above com- 

mands, the conductor ob- 
liques to the right, and 
leads the first four, the right 
gen. guide promptly places 
himself in rear of first four, 
and is the guide for the 
first bar, or cross; the stand- 
ard guard do not change 
their order of march, ex- 
cept to oblique to the right 
so that the standard bearer 
shall be in rear of the 
fourth four, and in line 
with the right gen. guide ; 
the left gen. guide places 
himself in rear of the fifth 
four, and is guide for the 
second bar, or cross, and 
the warden will place him- 
self in rear of the last four. 
As the fours come into po- 
sition, each will mark time, 
until the cross is completed. 







DRILL AND TACTICS. 143 

TO FORM COLUMN OF FOURS FROM PATRI- 
ARCHAL CROSS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Reduce cross j 2. March. 

At the second command, the first, fourth, 
fifth and eighth fours execute, form fours, 
from column of files, the second and sixth 
fours oblique to the left till they cover the 
leading four, and then resume the direct 
step; the third and seventh fours mark time, 
as do the other fours on arriving in col- 
umn, until proper distance is gained. 

TO FORM PATRIARCHAL CROSS FROM COLUMN 
OF SECTIONS. 

Being in march, the C. C. commands: 

1. Form patriarchal cross ; 2. March. 
At the first command, the chiefs of sec- 
tions (or platoon officers if in command,) 
command as follows: 
First Section — 

Right half, mark time. 

Left half, right flank file left. 
Second Section — 

Right half, leftfro7it by file. 

Left half, guide right. 



1 



144 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

Third Section — 

Right half, mark time. 

Left half, right flank file left. 

Fourth Section — 

Right half, left front by file. 
Left half, guide right. 

At the second command, the right and 
left halves of the sections, execute the move- 
ments indicated above, the No. 4 Patriarchs 
in the third and seventh fours mark time ; 
the No. 3 steps in front of No. 4, No. 2 in 
front of No. 3, and No. 1 in front of No. 2 ; 
thus forming column of files to the front 
in third and seventh fours. The conductor, 
warden, standard guard, and right and left 
gen. guides take the same positions in the 
cross as when formed from column of fours, 
passing promptly through the nearest inter- 
vals. The S. C. and J. C. keep their rela- 
tive positions, as in line of file closers. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS FROM PATRI- 
ARCHAL CROSS. 

Being in march, the C. C. commands: 

1. Reduce cross ; 2. March. 
At the first command, the chiefs of sec- 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 145 

tions (or platoon officers if in command,) 
give the following commands: 
First Section — 

Right half, forward guide left. 
Left half, front into line. 
Second Section — 

Right half, column right, then by the left 

flank. 
Left half, ?nark time. 

Third Section — 

Right half, forward guide left. 
Left half, front into line. 

Fourth Section — 

Right half, eolumn right, then by the lefi 

flank. 
Left half, mark time. 

At the second command, the right and 
left halves of the sections execute the above 
commands, as indicated. The right and 
left half of each section unite simultane- 
ous^ and march forward, the officers resum- 
ing their respective positions. 

The C. C. commands: 

Guide left. 



146 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

TO FORM CROSS FROM COLUMN OF PLATOONS. 

TO FORM PATRIARCHAL CROSS FROM COLUMN 

OF PLATOONS. 

Each of the above movements are execu- 
ted by the same commands and means as 
from column of sections; substituting the 
word "platoon" in place of "section" 

TO WHEEL THE CROSS IN CIRCLE. 

Being at a halt, the C. C. commands: 

1. On center j 2. Face. 
At the second command, each section 
will face so as to bring the left elbow 
towards the standard bearer or center. 
The C. C. then commands: 
t. In circle, left wheel ; 2. Guide center ; 
3. March. 

At the third command, the sections will 
wheel to the left, in circle, touching elbows 
towards the standard bearer, and casting 
eyes towards the right, or marching flank, 
so as to keep in line. The standard bearer 
will mark time and conform to the wheel. 
The officers and guides stand fast. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 147 

TO HALT THE WHEEL AND FACE THE CROSS 
TO THE FRONT. 

The C. C. commands: 
1. Encampment ; 2. Halt j 3. Front j 4. Face. 

At the second command, the cross halts; 
at the fourth command, each section faces 
to its proper front in the cross. 

Note. — If the C. C. desires to dress the 
sections after the command, halt, he com- 
mands: 

1. On center j 2. Dress ; 3. Front. 

The patriarchal cross may be faced in- 
ward, and wheeled in circles, by the same 
commands and means as the cross, each 
cross wheeling on its own center. 

TO OPEN ORDER IN COLUMN OF FOURS. 

Being in march in column of fours, the 
C. C. commands : 
1. Fours right and left, open order; 2. March. 

At the second command, the No. 2 Patri- 
archs march straight forward ; No. 1 of 
each four obliques one yard to the right, 
No. 3 one yard to the left, and No. 4 two 
yards to the left, then move to the front, 
keeping in line, and covering in file. 



148 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

TO FORM CHAIN. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Form chain; 2. Countermarch by file left j 
3. March. 

At the command march, each Patriarch in 
the first four, executes the countermarch 
by filing to the left and marching to the 
rear, through the intervals; each Patriarch 
in the succeeding fours, moves forward, 
and, turning on the same ground follows 
the preceding Patriarch. 

As the first four approach the rear of the 
column, the C. C. commands: 

1 . Countermarch by file left j 2 . March.. 

At the second command, given the instant 
the first four pass the rear four, the Patri- 
archs countermarch as before, each cover- 
ing his respective file, or rank, and continu- 
ing the direct march. 

TO CLOSE ORDER FROM COLUMN OF FOURS AT 
OPEN ORDER. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Close order \ 2. March. 
At the second command, the Patriarchs 
in each four resume the touch of the elbow 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 149 

by obliquing towards the No. 2 Patriarchs, 
and then guide left. 

TO FORM THREE LINKS. 

Note. — The formation as prescribed be- 
low is for four sections, or thirty-two Patri- 
archs, from two ranks. The following 
commands will be given by the C. C. to 
form in two ranks for the three link for- 
mation: 

If marching in column of fours — Right 

hues. 
If marching in column of sections — Right 
forward, fours 7'ight, then, right by twos. 
If marching in column of files — Form twos. 
If marching in line — Twos right. 

Being in two ranks at a halt faced to the 
right, to face to the front the C. C. com- 
mands, left, face. The links are then divided 
as follows: The first five files, together 
with the conductor and right gen. guide, 
constitute the first link ; the next six files, 
the second link ; and the next (or last) five 
files together with the warden and left gen. 
guide, the third link. 

Being properly divided, and marching in 
two ranks faced to the right, the C. C. com- 
mands: 



150 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

i. Form three links j 2. March. 

At the first command, the standard guard 
hastens to place itself on the right, and two 
yards in front of the 1st file, or leading 
two, the conductor takes his place one yard 
in rear of, and covering the standard bearer. 
At the second command, the standard guard 
and conductor take the short step, and 
march straight forward, the first two Patri- 
archs, or 1st file, and the 5th file, open 
order, leaving an interval of one pace, the 
2d, 3d and 4th files, open order, leaving an 
interval of two paces, the right gen. guide 
promptly places himself in rear of the 5th 
file and covers the conductor, each Patri- 
arch taking the short step as he arrives in 
his place. This forms the first link ; the 
second link is formed in the same manner 
as the first, excepting that the No. 4 Patri- 
arch in the 6th file (or 1st file of the second 
link,) obliques slightly to the left, and takes 
the same position in the second link that 
the conductor does in the first, covering 
the right gen. guide ; the No. 3 Patriarch 
in the 6th file promptly faces about and 
passes, between the ranks, to the rear of 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 151 

the nth, or last file of the second link, faces 
about and forms the connecting link, cover- 
ing the No. 4 Patriarch of his file, taking 
the same position in the second link that 
the right gen. guide does in the first link; 
the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and nth files execu- 
ting precisely what is prescribed for the 
1 st, 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th files. The third 
link is formed like the first ; the warden 
and left gen. guide taking the same posi- 
tions respectively, in the link, as the con- 
ductor and right gen. guide do in the 
first link. The S. C. and J. C. oblique to 
the right, preserving the interval, as file 
closers. 

If there are thirty-six Patriarchs in line, 
each link will consist of six files, or twelve 
Patriarchs. 

If there are forty-two Patriarchs in line, 
each link will consist of seven files, or four- 
teen Patriarchs. 

If there are forty-eight Patriarchs in line, 
each link will consist of eight files, or six- 
teen Patriarchs. 

And each link will be executed as ex- 
plained for the second link in the above 
movement, except that when there are forty- 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

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DRIL„ AND TACTICS. 153 

two, there will be one more Patriarch on 
each side of each link, and when there are 
forty-eight, there will be two more Patri- 
archs on each side of each link. 

The conductor and warden remaining in 
their positions as file closers. The right 
gen. guide taking his position in front of 
the first Patriarch, or connecting link, and 
covering the standard bearer, the left gen. 
guide in rear of the three links, and cover- 
ing the last Patriarch. 

Note. — A simple way to learn the forma- 
tion is to place each Patriarch in his posi- 
tion at a halt, before attempting to execute 
the movement in march. 

TO FORM TWO RANKS FROM THREE LINKS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Reduce links; 2. March. 

At the second command, the conductor, 
warden, and right and left gen. guides 
promptly resume their places as in column 
of twos, the standard guard wheel out to 
the right and resume their places in column, 
and the No. 4 Patriarch in the 6th file 
quickly passes between the ranks of the 
second link to his place in column ; the 



154 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

ranks close together and march forward, 
preserving the distance of thirty-two inches 
from back to breast. 

TO FORM HOUR GLASS. 

Being in column of sections either at a 
halt, or in march, the C. C. commands: 
i. Form hour glass; 2. March. 

At the second command, the right and 
left gen. guides promptly place themselves 
in the centers of the first and fourth sec- 
tions, respectively; the first section moves 
straight forward, section distance, then 
marks time, the No. 1 Patriarch of the first 
four, and No. 4 Patriarch of the second 
four, on the right and left of flanks of the 
first section, shorten their steps, and oblique 
to the left and right so as to directly cover 
the No. 2 Patriarch of the first four, and 
No. 3 of the second four of the same sec- 
tion, in other words they execute the 
movement of one file from right and left to 
rear. 

The right four of the second section 
echelon from the right, and the left four 
from the left, the two Patriarchs in the 
center taking the short step, slightly sep- 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 155 

arating, all marking time as they arrive in 
proper position. 

The standard bearer marches directly in 
the center of the hour glass, covering in 
line the right gen. guide; the first guardian 
steps in front of the standard bearer, and 
marches thirteen inches in rear of the cen- 
ter of the second section; the second guar- 
dian marches thirteen inches in rear of, and 
covering the standard bearer, who marches 
thirteen inches in rear of the first guardian. 

The third section echelon from the center, 
forming echelon on the second guardian. 

The fourth section moves straight for- 
ward, guide center, the No. i Patriarch of 
the right four, and the No. 4 Patriarch of 
the left four, quicken their steps, and 
oblique to the left and right so as to form 
echelon with the two rear Patriarchs on 
the outer flanks of the third section, and in 
turn are directly covered by the two Patri- 
archs who are now on the outer flanks of 
the fourth section as it closes upon them. 
The Patriarchs on the outer flanks of the 
second and third sections, during the move- 
ment oblique slightly toward the center, 
in order to conform to the first and fourth 



156 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 



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Hour Glass, 

sections which have broken files from right 
and left to rear, and front ; at the instant 
the fourth section closes the interval, the 
C. C. commands: 

i. Forward ; 2. Guide center; 3. March. 



Note. — An echelon movement is to form 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 157 

in such manner that a " four," "section," 
or other body of men, will represent a flight 
of stairs. A good rule for guiding is to 
have the -point of the shoulder, on the side 
towards which the echelon is made, of the 
Patriarch next in front, in a line with the 
center of the body of the Patriarch next in 
rear. It is essential that all the Patriarchs, 
in the echelon movement, keep closed to 
thirteen inches from back to breast, and 
march steady. 

The C. C. marches two yards in front of 
the right gen. guide, the S. C. and conduc- 
tor on the right flank, and the J. C. and 
warden on the left flank (see diagram). In 
case there is no standard guard, officers 
may fill the vacancies. The hour glass 
may be formed without reducing the front 
of the first and fourth sections by complet- 
ing the center with the officers. This move- 
ment is executed the same from platoon as 
from section. 

TO REDUCE THE HOUR GLASS. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Reduce hour glass; 2. March. 
At the second command, the gen. guides 



158 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

resume their places in line of file closers, 
the officers take their respective places. 
The first section marches straight forward, 
the two files broken to the rear from the 
right and left flank immediately resume 
their proper places, and the chief com- 
mands, guide left ; the second and third sec- 
tions forward into line, the fourth marks 
time, the two Patriarchs on the right and 
left flanks, proper, resume their places, and 
each section moves forward when section 
distance is gained, guides covering. The 
standard guard resuming its proper place 
as in column of sections. 

TO FORM CUL-DE-SAC. 

Being in march in column of sections (or 
platoons,) the C. C. commands: 

1. Form cul-de-sac; 2. March. 
At the first command, the chiefs (or pla- 
toon officers) of the first three sections, (or 
platoons) command: 

Right half by the right flank, file left. 

Left half by the left flank, file right. 

The chief (or platoon officer) of the fourth 

section (or platoon) commands, guide left ; 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 



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l6o UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

and cautions his section (or platoon) to 
march straight forward. 

At the second command, the sections (or 
platoons) will execute the above commands, 
as prescribed ; the standard guard will keep 
its position in the center of the cul-de-sac; 
the right gen. guide, conductor and S. C. 
resume their positions as file closers but- 
side the right flank; the J. C. and warden 
opposite the S. C. and conductor on the 
outside of the left flank; the left gen. guide 
on the left flank in front of the warden and 
opposite the right gen. guide. The C. C. 
takes position in front of the center. 

TO FORM COLUMN OF SECTIONS (OR PLATOONS) 
FROM CUL-DE-SAC. 

The C. C. commands: 

i. Reduce cul-de-sac; 2. March. 

At the first command, the chiefs (or pla- 
toon officers) of the first three sections (or 
platoons) command. 

Front into line. 

The chief (or platoon officer) of the fourth 

section (or platoon) commands, guide left. 

At the second command, after executing 



DRILL AND TACTICS l6l 

front into line, the first section (or platoon) 
marches forward, the other sections mark 
time until the preceding section has gained 
proper distance, and then march forward. 
The C. C. commands: 

Guide left. 

Note. — The cul-de-sac is the form pre- 
scribed on funeral occasions in order to 
surround the grave. It may also be adopted 
when an address is to be delivered to the 
Encampment. At the command, inwark 
face, the right and left flanks will face to- 
ward the center, and the officers and stand- 
ard guard take the following positions: The 
right gen. guide and standard guard imme- 
diately on the right of the first four, the 
conductor and S C. on the right of the 
standard guard, the left gen. guide, warden 
and J. C. opposite, on the left flank, the 
speaker (or at a funeral the high priest,) in 
front of the center, the C. C. two yards to 
the left of the speaker, (or high priest). 

The escort, or Encampment, may be 
marched in column of fours to the grave, 
when it is not practicable to march in 
column of sections (or platoons,) in which 



t62 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 



case the cul-de-sac will be formed from 
column of fours; the even numbered fours 
executing right flank, file left, and the odd 
numbered fours, left flank, file right; the 
last section (or platoon,) forming section 
(or platoon,) and marching forward to its 
proper position. 

The cul-de-sac is formed left in front, on 
the same principles, and by the same com- 
mands, the officers, standard guard, and 
guides taking the same positions as when 
formed from right in front. It is always 
formed from left in front at the grave. 



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CEREMONIAL PARADES. 



DRESS PARADE OF AN ENCAMPMENT. 

The assembly will be sounded a sufficient 
time before the parade, in order that the 
divisions may form and be inspected by 
their captains. 

The conductor's call will then be sounded, 
when the standard guard, accompanied by 
the right and left gen. guides, will march 
to their positions, under charge of the con- 
ductor. The standard guard will be posted 
where the center of the Encampment is to 
rest, and the right and left gen. guides on 
the line near where the right and left flanks 
of the Encampment are to rest, guides 
facing inward. 

The music will take post on the right, 
the left of its front rank, six yards from 
the right of the Encampment, and com- 
mence playing. The divisions will march 
to the parade ground in column of fours, 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 165 

in rear of the line, till opposite their re- 
spective positions, halt, form line, and dress 
on the standard ; the first division will 
dress to, the left, the second, to the right, 
when properly dressed the captains com- 
mand, swords, port. The first and second 
guardians will step to the rear until the 
command, guides, post. The C. C. will take 
his post at a convenient distance, in front 
of the center, facing the line. The con- 
ductor two yards to the right of, the warden 
two yards to the left of, and on line with 
the Encampment. The conductor, seeing 
the Encampment at swords, port, steps two 
paces to the front, faces to the left, and 
commands: 

1 . Guides; 2 . P ost s. 

At the second command, the S. C. and J. 
C. will take their places, two yards in front 
of the center of their respective sections. 
The gen. guides in line of file closers, and 
guardians their posts in line. 

The S. C, on intimation of the conductor, 
then faces about and commands: 

r. First division; 2. Carry; 3. Swords: 
4. Parade; 5. Rest. 



l66 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

Resumes his front and takes the position 
of parade rest. The J. C. then faces about 
and gives the same commands to the second 
division, and executes the same movements 
as prescribed for the S. C. 

The conductor then takes his post, directs 
the music to sound off, and takes the posi- 
tion, of parade rest. 

The band, commencing on the right, plays 
in quick time, passing in front of the cap- 
tains, to the left of the line, and back to its 
post on the right. 

The conductor then steps two paces to 
the front, faces to the left, and commands: 

i. Encampment j 2. Attention ; 3. Carry; 
4. Swords; 5. Rear open order; 6. March. 

At the fifth command, the right and left 
gen. guides step to the rear, three yards 
from the line of the front rank, and mark 
the new alignment ; at the sixth command, 
each even numbered Patriarch steps off 
smartly to the rear, halts slightly in rear of 
the new alignment, and dresses to the right, 
maintaining the interval between the files; 
the S. C, J. C. and standard guard step one 
yard to the front ; the warden places him- 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 167 

self in front of the center of the fourth sec- 
tion, on line with the S. C. and J. C. 

The conductor, having verified the align- 
ment, resumes his post and commands: 
Front. 

When the right and left gen. guides take 
post on the right and left of the front rank, 
leaving an interval of one pace from the 
right and left Patriarchs; the rear rank cast 
their eyes to the front. 

The conductor then passes in rear of the 
officers to the center of the Encampment, 
turns to the right, and marches to a point 
midway between the officers and C. C, 
when he halts, faces about, and commands: 
1. Present; 2. Swords. 

At the second command, the Encamp- 
ment present swords, the officers saluting ; 
the conductor then faces about, salutes the 
C. G. and reports: 

Sir, the parade is formed. 

The C. C. acknowledges the salute by 
touching his chapeau with his right hand, 
and directs the conductor: 

Take your post, sir. 



l68 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

The conductor then faces about and takes 
his post in front of the center of the second 
section, and on line with the officers, faced 
to the front. 

The C. C, while the music is playing, 
will stand at parade rest, with his arms 
folded, in which position he will remain 
until swords are about to be presented, 
when he will come to attention. 

The conductor having taken his post, 
the C. C. will draw his sword, and com- 
mand: 

i. Carry; 2. Swords. 

And add such other exercises in the 
manual of the sword as he may desire, 
concluding with: 

1. Order ; 2. Swords. 

He will then return his sword, commu- 
nicate instructions, should there be any, 
and command: 

Parade is dismissed. 

At this command, the officers in line in 
front of the Encampment, who have re- 
mained at a carry sword during the manual, 
will return their swords and face toward 
the center. They will then step off at the 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 169 

same time, closing on the center, and face 
to the front. 

The standard guard will retire to its 
place in line. 

When the officers have all faced to the 
front, the conductor will command: 
1. Forward; 2. March. 

At the second command, the officers will 
march forward, dressing on the conductor, 
the music playing. Having arrived at three 
yards from the C. C, the conductor com- 
mands: 

Halt. 

At this command, the officers will halt 
and salute with the right hand; the C. C. 
will return the salute. He will then com- 
municate any instructions he may deem 
necessary, which will conclude the cere- 
mony, and the officers will retire to their 
command. The S. C. will close the ranks 
and march the Encampment to its quarters, 
the music remaining in its place, and play- 
ing until the parade-ground is cleared. 



170 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

DRES3 PARAPE OF TWO OR MORE ENCAMP- 
MENTS. 

When more than one Encampment par- 
ticipates in the parade, the C. C. of the 
senior Encampment present will, in the ab- 
sence of a battalion officer, take command, the 
senior conductor performing the duties pre- 
scribed for the conductor in the previous 
parade, except that, after reporting to the 
officer in command, " the parade is formed" 
he will take his post two yards to the left 
and one to the rear of that officer, passing 
around his right. 

REVIEW OF TWO OR MORE ENCAMPMENTS. 

The reviewing officer will take his post 
in front of the center of the line, at such 
distance from the same, that after changing 
direction, the right flank, in passing, shall 
be six yards from him. 

The Encampment being in line, the com- 
manding officer, who will be the C. C. of 
the senior Encampment, in the absence of 
a battalion officer, takes post on the right 
and two yards to the front, and commands: 
1. Prepare for review; 2. Rear open order; 
3. March. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. IJI 

At the third command, the ranks aie 
opened as at dress parade, except that the 
C. C.'s will take positions in front of the 
centers of their respective Encampments, 
and two } r ards in advance of the line of offi- 
cers, who will take positions two yards in 
front of their Encampments, instead of 
three yards. The commanding officer see- 
ing the ranks aligned, commands: 
Front. 

And, passing in front of the line of officers 
to the center, places himself, facing to the 
front, six yards in advance of the line of 
Co C.'s; he then faces about and commands: 
t. Present; 2. Swords. 

At which, swords will be presented, offi- 
cers saluting, standards drooping and music 
sounding. 

The commanding officer then faces to 
the front and salutes. The reviewing offi- 
cer acknowledges the salute bv touching 
his chapeau, after which the commanding 
officer faces about and commands: 

1. Carry; 2. Swords. 
And again faces to the front. 

The commanding officer then joins the 



172 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 



reviewing officer, who proceeds to the right 
of the music, and, passing in front of the 
officers to the left of the line, returns to 
the right, passing in rear of the line. 

While the reviewing officer is going 
around the line, the music plays, ceasing 
when he leaves the right of the music to 
return to his station. The commanding 
officer returns to his position in front of 
the center, and commands: 

1. Close order; 2. March. 

At the second command, the ranks will 
be closed, officers returning to their places 
in line. The reviewing officer having taken 
his position, the commanding officer, com- 
mands: 

1. By platoon (or section) right wheel ; 

2. March. 
At the second command, the Encamp- 
ments break into column of platoons (or 
sections,) the music wheeling to the right 
at the same time. He then commands: 
1. Pass in review; 2. Column forward; 

3. Guide right; 4. March. 
At the fourth command the column steps 
off, the music playing. The column twice 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 173 

changes direction to the left, at such points 
as will bring the right flank, in passing, six 
yards from the reviewing officer, music con- 
tinuing in line. 

All the officers salute the reviewing offi- 
cer when at six yards from him, and return 
to the carry when six yards past him. In 
saluting they turn the head, and look to- 
ward the reviewing officer, the standards 
salute in the same manner, by drooping. 

The reviewing officer acknowledges the 
salute of the commanding officer and stand- 
ards. 

The head of the column having executed 
a second change of direction to the left, 
after having passed the reviewing officer, 
the commanding officer commands: 
Guide left. 

And when it arrives on the original 
ground, wheels it into line to the left, 
opens ranks as before, and presents swords, 
officers saluting, which being acknowl- 
edged by the reviewing officer, terminates 
the review. 

A single Encampment may be reviewed 
in accordance with the foregoing princi- 
ples. 



174 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

RECEPTION AND ESCORT. 

The Encampment to perform escort duty, 
will be formed in line, faced to the front, 
the left towards the point from which the 
visiting Encampment is to arrive. The C. 
C. will then cause the ranks to open order 
and take his position in front of the center 
of the Encampment, and one yard in ad- 
vance of the line of officers. He will then 
direct the S. C, or other officer, to inform 
the visiting Encampment that the line is 
formed for its reception; it will then be 
conducted by such officer, past the front, to 
the right of the receiving Encampment, 
where it will halt and form line. 

The receiving Encampment will present 
swords, officers and standard saluting, while 
the visiting body is passing. The officers 
of the passing Encampment will salute; the 
Patriarchs march at a carry. 

'Jhe receiving Encampment, after they 
have passed, carry swords, close ranks, break 
into column of fours, sections, or platoons, 
and march past the visiting Encampment, 
each saluting as before, when the S. C, or 
officer escorting, will resume his position 
in his own Encampment. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 175 

The visiting Encampment will, as soon 
as the left of the escort shall have passed, 
break into column of fours, sections, or 
platoons, at the option of the officer com- 
manding, and follow the escort. 

Arriving at their destination, the receiv- 
ing Encampment will form line said present 
swords, officers saluting; the visiting Encamp- 
ment march past, officers saluting, to their 
quarters. 



176 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 



FUNERAL ESCORT AND BURIAL 
SERVICE. 

REGULATIONS. 

i. No Patriarch shall be buried with the 
Patriarchal honors of burial service, unless 
he be a uniformed Patriarch in good and 
regular standing in the Encampment. 

2. It shall be the duty of the C. C. to 
convene the Patriarchs of the Encamp- 
ment, upon notice of the death of a Patri- 
arch, who may be entitled to receive funeral 
honors, upon request, made when living, 
or by his family after his decease, for the 
purpose of attending the funeral ceremo- 
nies. 

3. Patriarchs, on such occasions, shall 
attend in full uniform; their sword hilts, 
the standard and guidons of the Encamp- 
ment being suitably dressed in mourning. 

4. The C. C. shall command the escort, 
and preside during the services, and, as- 
sisted by the High Priest, conduct the cere- 
monies at the grave. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 177 

5. Should it be more convenient or de- 
sirable, the religious services may be per- 
formed at the house of the deceased, before 
going to the grave. 

At the hour appointed, the Encampment 
shall assemble at their room, or place of 
meeting, the Patriarchs in full dress uni- 
form, with black gloves, and the hilts of 
their swords, the standard and guidons, 
dressed in mourning. Each Patriarch shall 
be supplied with a sprig of evergreen; the 
line will then be formed in regular order, 
except that the H. P. shall be in line of 
file closers, in rear of the file, on the right 
of the standard ; and, under the command 
of the C. C, proceed to the house from 
which the funeral is to take place, right in 
front.* 

The pall-bearers having been previously 
selected by the C. C, and posted on the 
right of. the Encampment. 

On arriving at the house, line will be 
formed faced to the front, opposite the 
entrance, when the C. C. will command: 
1. Parade; 2. Rest. 

The C. C, H. P. and pall-bearers, will 



178 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

then return their swords and enter the 
house. The services at the house being 
concluded, the C. C. will return to his posi- 
tion in line; the pall-bearers will take up 
the coffin, and, conducted by the H. P., 
will carry and deposit it in the hearse, and 
take posts and march on each side, the H. 
P. returning to his position as file closer. 
As the pall-bearers appear at the entrance 
with the remains, the C. C. will command : 
1. Encampment ; 2. Attention ; 3. Carry; 
4. Swords; 5. Present ; 6. Swords. 

And as they are deposited in the hearse, 
he commands: 

1. Carry; 2. Swords. 

The procession being ready to move, the 
C. C. commands: 

1. Reverse; 2. Swords; 3. Fours left; 
4. March; 5. Guide right. 

And marches the Encampment, left in 
front, immediately in front of the hearse to 
the place of interment. During the march 
to the grave the column may be formed in 
fours, sections, or platoons, at the option 
of the commanding officer, but manoeuvres 
not strictly in keeping with the solemnity 
of the occasion, shall be avoided. 






DRILL AND TACTICS. I 79 

On approaching the grave, if practicable, 
the column will be formed in sections, but 
whether in column of sections, or fours, 
the direction should be such as to have the 
grave directly in front of the center of the 
column, or line of march, and when at a 
distance of six yards from the grave, the C. 
C. will command: 

1. Encampment j 2. Halt; 3. Carry; 
4. Swords. 

The pall-bearers will then take the re- 
mains from the hearse, and carry them to 
the grave; this being done, the C. C. com- 
mands: 

1. Form cul-de-sac; 2. March; 3. Halt; 
4. Inward; 5. Face. 

The Encampment will be halted, after 
the cul-de-sac is formed, so that the grave 
shall be in the center; at the fifth command 
the Patriarchs face toward the center, and 
the H. P., officers and standard guard, 
take their respective positions. 

The C. C. commands: 

1. Parade; 2. Rest. 

The C. C. and H. P. then return swords> 



l8o UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

and the following address is delivered by 
the C. C: 

ADDRESS. 

We are assembled, my brother Patri- 
archs, to render the last office which the 
living may minister to the dead. Man is 
born to die. The coffin, the grave, the sep- 
ulchre, speak to us in language that can- 
not be misunderstood, however unheeded 
it may be, of " man's latter end." 

Youth, in its harmlessness and compara- 
tive innocency, and manhood, with its 
wonted vigor and pride of strength, are 
not more exempt than decrepit and tot- 
tering age from the fixed law of being, 
which dedicated all that is mortal to decay 
and death. This truth is inscribed in the 
great volume of nature, upon its every page. 

The beautiful and the sublime, which the 
handiwork of the Creator displays on our 
every side, fearfully associate the unerring 
certainty of the end of all things, amid the 
vividness of the moral which they are ever 
suggesting to the contemplative mind. Day 
after day we are called upon to follow our 
fellow-creatures to that bourne from whence 



DRILL AND TACTICS. l8l 

no traveler returns, but from the house of 
mourning we go forth again to mingle in 
the crowded world, heedless, perhaps, of 
the precarious tenure of life, and the cer- 
tainty of that end to which all flesh is rap- 
idly tending. He who gives the vigor of 
body, without warning, paralyzes the stout 
heart and strikes down the athletic frame. 
The living of to-day become the dead of 
the morrow. Men appear upon and disap- 
pear from the stage of life, as wave meets 
wave and parts upon the troubled waters. 
"In the midst of life we are in death:" He 
whose lips now echo these tones of solemn 
warning, in turn will be stilled in the cold 
and cheerless house of the dead, and in the 
Providence of God none may escape. Let 
us, then, so far improve the lesson as to be 
prepared for that change which leads to 
life eternal. 

Having finished the address, the C, C. 
draws his sword, and commands: 
i. Encampment ; 2. Attention ; 3. Carry; 
4. Swords ; 5. Rest on; 6. Swords. 



182 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

THE FOLLOWING PRAYER IS THEN OFFERED 
BY THE HIGH PRIEST. 

Our Father and our God, who art the 
resurrection and the life, in whom whoso- 
ever believeth shall live though he die, and 
whosoever liveth and believeth in Thee 
shall not die, hear, we beseech Thee, the 
voice of Thy creatures here assembled, and 
turn not away from our supplication. 

We humbly beseech Thee so to imbue us 
with a conviction of our entire helplessness 
and dependence upon Thee, that we may 
be brought to meditate upon the uncer- 
tainty of life, and the certainty of death. 
In the dispensation of Thy Providence, 
Thou hast summoned from amongst us our 
brother Patriarch, and we, the surviving 
monuments of Thy mercy, are gathered 
together to commit his remains to the earth. 

Give, O God, we beseech Thee, Thy 
Holy Spirit to us, whom Thou hast spared; 
increase our knowledge, and confirm our 
faith in Thee forever. 

[Bless and comfort, we pray Thee, those 
whom it hast pleased Thee to add to the 
number of the disconsolate; buoy them up 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 183 

under this heavy stroke, sustain them 
against despondency. O will Thou be 
their Father and their God, and pour down 
from on high Thy blessing upon their 
heads.] 

Bless, O Heavenly Father, the brethren 
here assembled; imbue them with the wis- 
dom of Thy laws, and draw them unto 
Thee by the cords of Thy inestimable love; 
impress them with their duty to each other 
as brethren, and their obligations in the va- 
rious relations of human life; and finally, 
bless our beloved order throughout the 
globe. 

Preserve its principles and its purposes 
from innovations, sustain it from the shafts 
of enmity, protect it from self-immolation, 
and shield it from all evil, and unto Thee 
we shall render the praise forever, Amen. 

The H. P. having concluded the prayer, the 
C. C. resumes the carry, and commands : 

1. Encampment ; 2. Attention ; 3. Carry; 
4. Swords; 5. Return; 6. Swords. 

The following hymn will now be sung, during 
which, the coffin will be lowered into the grave: 



184 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS* 

Air — PleyeVs Hymn, 
Patriarch, to thy grave we come, 
Visiting thy narrow home, 
Hearts with silent grief oppressed, 
Bear thee to thy place of rest. 

In the earth we lay thee low, 
Yet upon thy grave shall grow 
Evergreens, like these we bring 
As our last, sad offering. 

Patriarch, from thy heavenly rest, 
From thy home among the blest, 
Come, in angel guise, to cheer 
Those who sorrow for thee here ! 

Lord of all ! — below — above ! 
Fill our hearts with truth and love; 
When dissolves our earthly tie, 
Take us to thy home on high ! 

After singing the hymn, the C. C. com- 
mands: 

1. Patriarchs; 2. Uncover. 

±he Patriarchs will raise the chapeau 
from the head, with the right hand, and 
place it on the left shoulder, the right hand 
resting on the left breast. 

The C. C. will then advance, silently, to 
the grave, and, with his left hand, cast a 
sprig of evergreen upon the coffin, and re- 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 1 85 

turn to his place; whereupon each Patri- 
arch will advance silently, and with slow 
step, to the grave, cast into it a sprig of 
evergreen, and return to his place in line, 
in regular succession, and in the following 
order: 

First, the H. P., then the officers on the 
right flank; next the officers on the left 
flank; then the Patriarchs, commencing on 
the right flank, each Patriarch advancing 
as the preceding Patriarch faces to return;. 
thus, one is constantly going to the grave 
while the other is returning, until the last 
Patriarch on the left has returned to his 
place. 

The C. C. then commands: 

1. Patriarchs ; 2. Cover ; 3. Draw ; 

4. Swords ; 5. Form lines ; 6. Right and left ; 

7. Dress; 8. Front. 

At the seventh command, the rear section 
faces to the right and left, from the center, 
and forms on the right and left flanks of 
the cul-de-sac ; the standard, and gen. 
guides, at a signal from the C. C, move 
forward to a convenient distance for form- 
ing the arch, and mark the alignment ; the 



l86 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

lines being properly dressed, the C. C. com- 
mands: 

i. Reverse j 2. Arch. 

The following address is then made by the 
JjT. P., after which he repeats the Lord's prayer, 
all the Patriarchs uniting. 

Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou 
return. Contemplate the sad and solemn 
scene now before us ! Should it not humble 
human pride ? Should it not awake the 
soul to a just sense of responsibility to its 
God ? Should it not enlist the tenderest 
of human sympathies ? Ponder it well, 
and see that your own hearts foster no evil. 

My brother Patriarchs, we have rendered 
the last service to our beloved brother, and 
as we depart from his grave, and bid fare- 
well to his mortal remains, may He, who is 
abundantly able, guard and guide us as we 
journey through life, and at last receive us 
into His heavenly kingdom. 

THE LORD'S PRAYER. 

Our Father, which art in heaven, hal- 
lowed be Thy name; Thy kingdom come; 
Thy will be done, in earth as it is in heaven. 
Give us this day our daily bread, and for- 






DRILL AND TACTICS. 187 

give us our debts as we forgive our debt- 
ors; and lead us not into temptation, but 
deliver us from evil, for Thine is the king- 
dom, and the power, and the glory forever. 
Amen. 

The prayer being concluded, the C. C. 
commands: 

1. Carry; 2. Swords. 

Which closes the ceremony. The En- 
campment will now return, right in front. 
The C. C. places himself on the right of 
the Encampment, and commands: 
i. Encampment, front; 2. Face; 3. Forward; 
4. March; 5. Guide left. 

At the second command, the Patriarchs 
will face so as to bring the right of the En- 
campment in front, the odd fours facing to 
the right, and the even fours to the left; 
the officers, standard guard, and guides 
resume their places as in column of twos. 
At the fourth command, the column will 
march forward, and when the /<?/*/ has passed 
the grave, the C. C. commands: 

1. Close order; 2. March. 

At the second command, the ranks ob- 



155 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS 

lique toward the center, take the touch of 
the elbow, and march forward in column 
of twos. 

When the ground will permit, the C. C. 
commands: 
i. Section distance; 2. Open order; 3. March; 

4. Form sections ; 5. March; 6. Guide left. 

At the third command, the column of 
twos open order a distance equal to the 
front of a section, by obliquing to the right 
and left. At the fifth command, sections 
are formed as in reduce cul-de-sac. 

Note. — At the option of the C. C. any 
other formations may be adopted, in depart- 
ing from the grave, that the ground will per- 
mit; but the movements prescribed, will be 
found practicable in most cases. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 189 



UNIFORM. 



The uniform of an Encampment shall be 
in accordance with that adopted by the 
Grand Lodge, U. S., except that on occa- 
sions of public parades, the Patriarchs may 
wear white gloves. 

INSIGNIA OF RANK. 

For the Chief Captain — Gilt shoulder 
straps, on royal purple velvet, with gilt 
crossed crooks in the center, and the let- 
ters C. C. in gilt on either side. 

For the Sub. Captain — Gilt shoulder 
straps on royal purple velvet, with one 
gilt crook in the center, and the letters 
S. C. in gilt on either side. 

For the Junior Captain — Gilt shoulder 
straps on royal purple velvet, with the let- 
ters J. C. in gilt in the center. 

For the Conductor — A gilt triangle on 
royal purple velvet, with crossed batons 



190 UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS' 

in the center; to be worn on the left arm 
midway between the shoulder and elbow, 
as prescribed by the Grand Lodge, U. S., 
for the C. C. 

For the Warden — A gilt triangle on royal 
purple velvet, with a single baton in the 
center, worn like the conductor's. 

For the High Priest — The same as the 
conductor, except the center device, which 
shall be an open bible. 

For the Scribe. — The same as the con- 
ductor, except the center device, which 
shall consist of crossed quills. 

For the Treasurer — The same as the con- 
ductor, except the center device, which 
shall consist of crossed keys. 

For the Standard Bearer — The same as 
the conductor, except the center device, 
which shall consist of a standard. 

For the Guardians — The same as the con- 
ductor, except the center, which shall be 
plain. 

For the Right and Left Gen. Guides — A 
gilt bullion flag, worn on the coat over the 
left breast. The flag to be one inch long 
and three-fourths of an inch wide, with a 
staff two inches long. 



DRILL AND TACTICS. 191 



BATTALION OFFICERS. 



When two or more Encampments desire 
to form a battalion, the elective officers of 
such Encampments shall have the power 
to elect three battalion officers, at a meet- 
ing called for that purpose, all the elective 
officers of such Encampments having been 
notified in writing, by the Scribe of the 
senior Encampment, at least ten days pre- 
vious to such meeting. The election shall 
be conducted, and declared, according to 
the rules governing an Encampment for 
the election of Captains. 

The officers shall be designated as fol- 
lows: 

Commander, 

Lieutenant Commander, 
Major Commander. 

The senior battalion officer present, shall 
have command at all drills and parades of 
a battalion. 



192 



UNIFORMED PATRIARCHS. 



Note. — This book of tactics is printed 
from electrotype plates, and for a trifling 
expense, additions can be made to it from 
time to time, as in the judgment of the 
Grand Lodge is deemed necessary. 



